Table 4.
Comparison of associations between developmental stage and cognitive impairment between the three developmental groups.
| ANOVA | Tukey HSD post-hoc tests | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F (df) | p | Effect size; ηp2 | Child and adolescent | Child and adult | Adolescent and adult | |
| Neurocognitive scores | ||||||
| Processing speed | 3.32 (2,211) | 0.038 | 0.031 | 0.080 | 0.045 | 0.999 |
| Sustained attention | 0.82 (2,188) | 0.443 | 0.009 | – | – | – |
| Working memory | 20.39 (2,228) | <0.001 | 0.152 | 0.051a | 0.002 | <0.001 |
| IQ test scores | ||||||
| Full-scale IQ | 5.74 (2,224) | 0.004 | 0.049 | 0.20 | 0.644 | 0.003 |
| Verbal IQ | 3.81 (2,222) | 0.024 | 0.033 | 0.089 | 0.975 | 0.025 |
| Performance IQ | 13.02 (2,224) | <0.001 | 0.104 | 0.936 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
aWhen controlling for site as a covariate, this difference was significant (p = 0.028).
p values that are statistically significant are shown in bold.