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. 2020 Feb 17;10:2752. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-59614-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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pdf ⁰¹ larvae exhibit disrupted circadian modulation and dampened light avoidance behavior especially at dawn. pdf ⁰¹ mutant larvae are able to perform navigation strategies dependent on both types of information processing. However, no substantial difference in light avoidance behavior is observed between dawn and midnight, indicating absence of circadian modulation. More precisely, in accordance with the role of PDF in establishing the morning activity peak in adult flies, higher sensitivity to light stimulation at dawn coupled with more efficient light avoidance is not observed. Larvae perform this behavior uniformly. (A.I–A.III) Spatial navigation strategies. (B.I–B.III) Temporal navigation strategies. Data for each time-point are shown as means and the error bars indicate ± SEM. Circles indicate the means of individual experiments (n = 10). Statistical data can be found as Supplementary Table S3. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, NS = not significant. Column statistics significance is indicated on the left side of each graph. All statistical comparisons between time-points are indicated on the right side of each graph.