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. 2020 Feb 13;14:603–611. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S224308

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© 2020 Liu et al.

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Combination of silibinin with valsartan suppressed TGF-β1-induced renal fibrosis via inhibition of TGF-β1 signaling pathway. (A) After 72 hrs of incubation, the protein expressions of CK-18, MMP9, α-SMA, p-smad2 and p-smad3 in control, TGF-β1 (5 ng/mL), valsartan (30 μM), TGF-β1+valsartan, silibinin (30 μM) or TGF-β1+valsartan+silibinin were investigated by Western-blot. β-actin was used as a loading control. The relative protein expression of (B) CK-18, (C) MMP9, (D) α-SMA, (E) p-smad2 and (F) p-smad3 was quantified by normalizing to β-actin. **P<0.01 vs control group; ^#P<0.05 vs TGF-β1 group; ^##P<0.01 vs TGF-β1 group; ^$$P<0.01 vs TGF-β1+valsartan group.