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. 2019 Nov 25;55(3):353–362. doi: 10.1007/s00535-019-01645-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 1 — Flowchart of the current study. We first assessed the total nationwide data of all LC patients (N = 48,621). Then, we excluded the data of patients whose records did not include information on the year of diagnosis and evaluated the transition in the distribution of the etiologies of LC (N = 45,834). To assess the general trends in the etiologies of LC, we classified the patients into four groups (–2007, 2008–2010, 2011–2013, and 2014–)