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. 2019 Nov 25;55(3):353–362. doi: 10.1007/s00535-019-01645-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 3 — Overall results of the collected data on the etiologies of LC. A total of 48,621 cases were finally provided to analyze the etiologies of LC in Japan. In this cohort, 29,951 (61.6%) patients were men, and 18,670 (38.4%) were women. HCV infection was the leading cause of LC in Japan, and HBV infection (11.5%) was the third-most common cause. Although alcoholic-related liver disease (19.9%) and NASH (6.3%) were contributory causes of LC in Japan, viral hepatitis, particularly HCV, was the major cause