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. 2020 Feb 11;11:43. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00043

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Copyright © 2020 Nishimura, Kawasaki, Matsuura, Suzuki, Motojima, Baba, Ohnishi, Yamanaka, Fujitani, Yoshimura, Maruyama, Ueno, Sonoda, Nishimura, Tanaka, Sanada, Onaka, Ueta and Sakai.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The expression of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) hnRNA in the SON and PVN after intra-articular injection. The expression of AVP hnRNA in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) (A), magnocellular paraventricular nucleus (mPVN) (B), and parvocellular paraventricular nucleus (pPVN) (B) (n = 6–7 per group). Scale bars = 100 μm (A,B). The regions of interest for SON, mPVN, and pPVN in each group are surrounded by colored dotted lines as follows: SON, white (A); mPVN, black; pPVN, gray (B). The AVP hnRNA probe binding (% of control) in the SON (C), mPVN (D), and pPVN (E). The data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (two-way ANOVA). **P < 0.01 compared to control. ^†^†P < 0.01 compared to saline.