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. 2020 Feb 11;11:58. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00058

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Copyright © 2020 Kumar, Jin, Watts and Rockwell.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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PVATs contained a denser immune cell community vs. their respective non-PVAT fats in female rats only. Immunophenotyping of mesenteric resistance (MR)PVAT, thoracic aortic (A)PVAT, retroperitoneal (RP) fat, subscapular (SS) fat, and spleen, in healthy male and female SD rats. T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and mast cells were quantified by flow cytometry. Each immune cell type is presented as absolute cell counts normalized to tissue weight (in mg). Comparisons between (A) MRPVAT and APVAT along with spleen. APVAT had a higher number of T cells (both sexes) per mg tissue vs. MRPVAT. Females had a greater number of T cells vs. males in APVAT (B) MRPVAT and non-PVAT white RP fat. MRPVAT had a higher number of macrophages (both sexes), T cells (females), and total immune cells (females) vs. RP fat. Females had a higher number of T cells and total immune cells in MRPVAT vs. males (C) APVAT and non-PVAT brown SS fat. APVAT had a higher number of T cells (females) and total immune cells (females) vs. SS fat. Females had a greater number of T cells in APVAT vs. males. Bars represent means ± SEM for the number of animals indicated by N. A P < 0.05 by two-way ANOVA was considered statistically significant. * and # inside the stacks in the graph represent a significant difference in the specific stack of immune cells between the two fats within each sex or between the sexes within each fat, respectively. * and # outside the stacks in the graph represent a significant difference in the sum total of immune cells between the two fats within each sex or between the sexes within each fat, respectively.