Table 4:

Association of ABI with health care utilization over 36 months

ABI Level	Incremental total health care Cost (95% CI)	p-valued	All-cause hospital stays OR (95% CI)	CVD hospital stays OR (95% CI)	SNF stays OR (95% CI)
Base Modela		0.0001
Level 3 (≥1.4)	$823 (−1265, 2911)		0.89 (0.58, 1.37)	0.93 (0.54, 1.61)	1.28 (0.52, 3.12)
Level 2 (0.90- <1.4)	Reference		Reference	Reference	Reference
Level 1 (<0.90)	$4318 (1811, 6826)		1.87 (1.33, 2.63)	2.68(1.89, 3.78)	2.37 (1.43, 3.92)
Model 2b		0.01
Level 3 (≥1.4)	$515 (−1418, 2448)		0.79 (0.50, 1.26)	0.70(0.37, 1.31)	1.40 (0.55, 3.55)
Level 2 (0.90- <1.4)	Reference		Reference	Reference	Reference
Level 1 (<0.90)	$2972 (831, 5113)		1.72 (1.19, 2.49)	2.45(1.65, 3.63)	2.06 (1.19, 3.54)
Model 3c		0.01
Level 3 (≥1.4)	$635 (−1322, 2591)		0.80 (0.50, 1.29)	0.70(0.37, 1.34)	1.41 (0.55, 3.60)
Level 2 (0.90- <1.4)	Reference		Reference	Reference	Reference
Level 1 (<0.90)	$2705 (634, 4776)		1.65 (1.14, 2.40)	2.24(1.51, 3.32)	1.86 (1.07, 3.22)

^aAdjusted for age and clinical site

^bAdjusted for age, clinical site, race, education, systolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, smoking status, angina, prior myocardial infarction, prior stroke, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus and CKD (eGFR < 60 ml/min)

^cAdjusted for Model 2 covariates and AAC score level

^dp-value for trend of change across predictor variable categories

ABI, ankle-brachial index; SNF, skilled nursing facility; OR, odds ratio