Table 1.

Measurement Table and Summary of Indicators for fsQCA.

Construct	Definition	Theoretical Relevance	Hypothesized Effect	Indicator & Coding Scheme
Ruminant contamination in stored water supply given uncontaminated source water	The extent of fecal contamination from ruminants (cattle, goats, and sheep) in the household’s main stored drinking water supply.	Outcome variable	Outcome variable	Indicator: Detection of BacR molecular marker in a 100mL sample of the household’s stored water Coding: 1 = BacR MST molecular marker detected, 0 = Otherwise
Proximity of ruminant feces production to stored water	Presence of ruminants and/or their feces within compound of household from which stored water sample was taken	Ruminant presence in the compound makes feces in the environment likely and be difficult to keep out of stored water supply due to proximity.	Positively associated with likelihood of contamination	Indicator: Self-reported number of ruminants living in the compound Coding: 1 = Some ruminants live in household compound 0 = No ruminants live in household compound
Opportunity for introduction of contamination into stored water	Length of time water is stored, which may allow ruminant fecal contamination to enter stored drinking water supply	The longer the time that water is in storage before use, the greater the chance that contaminated objects (e.g., hands, utensils etc.) will be introduced into the water	Positively associated with likelihood of contamination	Indicator: The number of hours that have elapsed since currently stored water was fetched from the source, as reported by the respondent. Coding *: 0.95 = Water self-reported as collected 1 day ago 0.5 = Water self-reported as collected 4.5 h ago 0.05 = Water self-reported as collected 1 h ago * These values were provided as calibration points for the fsQCA software to score a range of storage times from 1 h to 2 weeks.
Unsafe water extraction method	The extent to which a household’s method for extracting water from storage is likely to result in contamination of the water, e.g., by hands and other contaminated objects	Retrieving water using hands and other potentially contaminated objects allows for the (re)contamination of the stored water supply.	Positively associated with likelihood of contamination	Indicator: Observed method of water retrieval when respondent asked to get a cup of water for child (or themself, if no child) Coding: 1 = Respondent inserted hands or an object into the water; 0 = Respondent poured water from the top of the storage container
Lack of supportive household environment for handwashing	The extent to which household members lack regular access to supplies essential for good hand hygiene	The absence of soap is hypothesized to increase the likelihood of BacR contamination in the stored water supply	Positively associated with likelihood of contamination	Indicator: Observed presence of water and soap together at the home handwashing station 1: Water and soap not at home handwashing station when enumerators visited 0: Water and soap at home handwashing station when enumerators visited