Table 1.
Main characteristics of included studies. RCT, randomized controlled trial; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; LDL, low density lipoprotein; NA, not available
| Author, Year | Study design | Intervention | Duration of trial (week) | Number | Age | Mean Body weight (kg) | Mean Waist circumference (cm) | Mean BMI (kg, m2) | Mean SBP (mmHg) | Mean LDL (mmol, L) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Katcher, 2008 [25] | RCT | Whole grain | 12 | 50 | NA | 103.1 vs 106.2 | 82 vs 83.2 | NA | 123 vs 130 | 2.83 vs 2.93 |
| K. Rave, 2007 [26] | RCT | Whole grain | 4 | NA | NA | 97.5 vs 98.8 | NA | 33.2 vs 33.7 | 131 vs 134 | 3.8 vs 3.8 |
| HARRIS JACKSON, 2014 [27] | RCT | Whole grain | 12 | 25 VS 25 | 45.8 vs 46.4 | 99.5 vs 99.7 | NA | 33.5 vs 32.9 | NA | NA |
| Maria Lankinen, 2014 [28] | RCT | Whole grain | 12 | 34 Vs 35 | NA | NA | 106.3 vs 105.8 | 31.4 vs 31 | 135 vs 139 | 3.2 vs 3.4 |
| Roager HM, 2017 [29] | RCT | Whole grain | 8 | 50 Vs 50 | NA | 85.4 vs 86.1 | 100.1 vs 100.4 | NA | 126.2 vs 124.2 | 3.2 vs 3.2 |
| Kirwan, 2016 [30] | RCT | Whole grain | 8 | 33 Vs 33 | NA | 93.2 vs 93.7 | 96.4 vs 95.5 | 32.9 vs 33.1 | NA | 2.76 vs 2.76 |
| I.A.Brownlee, 2010 [31] | RCT | Whole grain | 16 | 33 VS 33 | 45.9 vs 45.6 | 86.7 vs 86.7 | NA | 30 vs 30 | 125.5 vs 127.3 | 3.2 vs 3.2 |
| Steven K. Malin, 2018 [32] | RCT | Whole grain | 8 | 14 VS 14 | 37.9 vs 37.9 | 97.9 vs 97.9 | NA | 33.8 vs 33.9 | NA | NA |
| SCHUTTE, 2018 [33] | RCT | Whole grain | 12 | 25 vs 25 | 61 vs 61 | 84.6 vs 86.2 | 102.2 vs 103.4 | 27.6 vs 28 | NA | NA |
| Bernard J. Venn, 2010 [34] | RCT | Whole grain | 72 | 53 vs 55 | 42 vs 42 | 99 vs 95 | NA | 36.1 vs 34.7 | NA | NA |
| P. Hajihashemi, 2014 [35] | RCT | Whole grain | 6 | 44 vs 44 | 11.2 vs 11.2 | 51.26 vs 51.26 | 80.69 vs 80.69 | 23.57 vs 23.57 | NA | NA |
| K. Nelson, 2016 [36] | RCT | Whole grain | 4 | 10 vs 10 | NA | NA | NA | 30.77 vs 31 | 133.3 vs 132.1 | 3.27 vs 3.12 |
| Paula Tighe, 2013 [37] | RCT | Whole grain | 12 | 73 vs 63 | 51.6 vs 51.8 | NA | 85.7 vs 90.9 | 28 vs 28 | 125.9 vs 131.2 | 3.45 vs 3.66 |
| Mette Kristensen, 2017 [38] | RCT | Whole grain | 12 | 30 vs 30 | NA | NA | NA | 28.5 vs 28.4 | 130 vs 130 | 3.7 vs 3.7 |
| S. FATAHI, 2018 [39] | RCT | Whole grain, fruits and vegetables, both | 10 | 25 vs 25 vs 25 | 36.7 vs 34.6 vs 39.9 | NA | NA | 32.1 vs 32.3 vs 32.7 | NA | NA |
| Xue Li, 2016 [40] | RCT | Whole grain | 4 | 60 vs 79 vs 80 vs 79 | 59 vs 59.73 vs 59.72 vs 59.44 | NA | NA | NA | 143.7 vs 147.2 vs 144.9 vs 147.1 | NA |
| Kevin C. Maki, 2010 [41] | RCT | Whole grain | 12 | 77 vs 67 | 50.1 vs 47.5 | 88.7 vs 87.6 | 104.5 vs 105.2 | 32 vs 32.2 | NA | 4 vs 3.99 |
| V. D. F. de Mello, 2011 [42] | RCT | Whole grain, Healthy diet | 12 | 34 vs 36 vs 34 | 58 vs 59 vs 59 | 89.2 vs 89.8 vs 89.5 | 106.3 vs 105.7 vs 105.7 | 31.4 vs 31.1 vs 30.9 | 135 vs 138 vs 139 | 3.2 vs 3.1 vs 3.4 |
| A. Stefoskaneedham, 2017 [43] | RCT | Whole grain | 12 | 30 vs 30 | 48.1 vs 48.6 | 87.1 vs 86.1 | 102.5 vs 105.3 | 31.2 vs 31.6 | 122.3 vs 126.2 | 3.2 vs 3.5 |
| Kristensen, 2012 [44] | RCT | Whole grain | 12 | 38 vs 34 | NA | 81.3 vs 83.5 | 97.3 vs 99 | 30 vs 30.4 | 133 vs 138 | 3.75 vs 3.75 |
| J. Tovar, 2014 [45] | RCT | Whole grain | 4 | 26 vs 26 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Mette Kristensen, 2017 [38] | RCT | Whole grain | 12 | 81 vs 88 | 36.2 vs 35.3 | 80.2 vs 81.5 | NA | 30.2 vs 30.1 | 109.8 vs 111.2 | 2.9 vs 2.72 |