Table 2.
Effect of frames on vaccination and its moderation by objective and subjective risk group
| Determinant | Vaccinated patients / Patients in category (%) | Adjusted | Unadjusted | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subgroup | Interaction | Subgroup | Interaction | ||
| aOR [95% CI] | aORHigh/aORLow [95% CI] | OR [95% CI] | ORHigh/ORLow [95% CI] | ||
| Model A: Overall Effects of Frames | |||||
| Social-benefit | 36/106 (34.0) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Self-benefit | 49/116 (42.2) | 1.63 [0.90–2.95] | 1.42 [0.82–2.46] | ||
| Model B: Moderation of framing effects by objective risk (medical assessment) | |||||
| Low Risk Group | 15/63 (23.8) | ||||
| Social-benefit | 6/29 (20.7) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Self-benefit | 9/34 (26.5) | 1.82 [0.53–6.17] | 1.38 [0.42–4.49] | ||
| High Risk Group | 70/159 (44.0) | ||||
| Social-benefit | 30/77 (39.0) | 1 | 0.88 [0.22–3.55] | 1 | 1.08 [0.28–4.13] |
| Self-benefit | 40/82 (48.8) | 1.60 [0.80–3.17] | 1.49 [0.79–2.81] | ||
| Model C: Moderation of framing effects by subjective risk (patient perception) | |||||
| Low Risk Group | 62/171 (36.3) | ||||
| Social-benefit | 29/80 (36.3) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Self-benefit | 33/91 (36.3) | 1.11 [0.56–2.20] | 1.00 [0.53–1.87] | ||
| High Risk Group | 23/51 (45.1) | ||||
| Social-benefit | 7/26 (26.9) | 1 | 5.59 [1.30–24.05] | 1 | 4.82 [1.25–18.56] |
| Self-benefit | 16/25 (64.0) | 6.22 [1.69–22.88] | 4.83 [1.46–15.92] | ||
Note. Table presents vaccination rates and describes corresponding logistic model estimates for three models. Model A describes the overall effect of message frame treatment on vaccination. Model B describes the interaction between objective risk and treatment, whereas Model C describes the interaction between subjective risk and treatment. Adjusted estimates include two covariates: doctor’s recommendation and reading of the pamphlet. Unadjusted estimates provide consistent results. Robust SE. p < 0.05 in bold