Table 1.
Comparisons of demographic characteristics, anthropometric measures, life-styles, chronic diseases, depression, and cognitive impairment of the study participants with and without sarcopenia. (N = 4500)
| Characteristics | No Sarcopenia n = 3631 | Sarcopenia n = 869 | T/ χ2 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age,year,mean(±SD) | 61.0 (7.5) | 67.9 (8.8) | 21.39 | <.001 |
| 50 ≤ Age<65, No(%) | 2475 (88.8) | 313 (11.2) | 433.88 | <.001 |
| 65 ≤ Age ≤ 74, No (%) | 956 (73.5) | 345 (26.5) | ||
| 75 ≤ Age ≤ 84, No (%) | 192 (49.5) | 196 (50.5) | ||
| 85 ≤ Age, No (%) | 8 (34.8) | 15 (65.2) | ||
| Gender No (%) | ||||
| Male | 1268 (77.9) | 359 (22.1) | 12.41 | <.001 |
| Female | 2363 (82.2) | 510 (17.8) | ||
| Ethnics | 83.15 | <.001 | ||
| Han,No(%) | 1506 (77.7) | 431 (22.3) | ||
| Zang,No(%) | 1009 (81.8) | 224 (18.2) | ||
| Qiang,No(%) | 926 (88.2) | 124 (11.8) | ||
| Yi,No(%) | 139 (65.3) | 74 (34.7) | ||
| Others,No(%) | 56 (76.1) | 17 (23.9) | ||
| Education,No(%) | 49.17 | <.001 | ||
| No formal education | 972 (26.8) | 322 (37.1) | ||
| Elementary school | 1161 (32.0) | 287 (33.0) | ||
| Middle school | 787 (21.7) | 134 (15.4) | ||
| High school and above | 711 (19.6) | 126 (14.5) | ||
| Marital status, No (%) | 56.84 | <.001 | ||
| Single | 23 (0.7) | 8 (1.0) | ||
| Married | 2965 (86.0) | 628 (76.0) | ||
| Divorced | 52 (1.5) | 15 (1.8) | ||
| Widowed | 409 (11.9) | 175 (21.2) | ||
| Anthropometric measures | ||||
| Grip strength, mean(±SD) | 23.0 (8.7) | 17.6 (6.8) | 19.94 | <.001 |
| Gait speed, mean(±SD) | 0.88 (0.3) | 0.74 (0.3) | 13.41 | <.001 |
| ASMI, mean(±SD) | 6.8 (0.9) | 5.7 (0.7) | 40.14 | <.001 |
| Life-styles | ||||
| Living alone No(%) | ||||
| Yes | 153 (4.2) | 57 (6.6) | 8.67 | .003 |
| No | 3478 (95.8) | 812 (93.4) | ||
| sleep quality No(%) | ||||
| PQSI>5 | 1595 (46.3) | 420 (51.0) | 5.90 | .015 |
| PQSI≤5 | 1848 (53.7) | 403 (49.0) | ||
| Drinking Tea, No (%) | ||||
| Yes | 1672 (48.7) | 373 (45.5) | 2.72 | .099 |
| No | 1762 (51.3) | 447 (54.5) | ||
| Drinking alcohol, No (%) | ||||
| Yes | 876 (25.5) | 195 (23.8) | 1.08 | .299 |
| No | 2559 (74.5) | 626 (76.2) | ||
| Smoking history No(%) | ||||
| Yes | 551 (16.0) | 187 (22.8) | 21.16 | <.001 |
| No | 2885 (84.0) | 633 (77.2) | ||
| Indoor housework No(%) | ||||
| No | 952 (27.8) | 335 (41.2) | 55.80 | <.001 |
| Yes | 2472 (72.2) | 478 (58.8) | ||
| Outdoor housework No(%) | ||||
| No | 1974 (57.8) | 511 (63.1) | 7.54 | .006 |
| Yes | 1441 (42.2) | 299 (36.9) | ||
| Number of chronic diseases | 4.92 | .027 | ||
| 0 or 1, No (%) | 934 (25.7) | 192 (22.1) | ||
| ≥ 2, No(%) | 2697 (74.3) | 677 (77.9) | ||
| Depressive status, No (%) | ||||
| GDS-15<5 | 2816 (77.6) | 639 (73.5) | 6.36 | .012 |
| GDS-15 ≥ 5 | 815 (22.4) | 230 (26.5) | ||
| Anxiety status, No (%) | ||||
| GAD-7<5 | 2950 (81.2) | 708 (81.5) | 0.02 | .877 |
| GAD-7 ≥ 5 | 681 (18.8) | 161 (18.5) | ||
| Cognitive function, No (%) | 92.59 | <.001 | ||
| Complete cognitive function | 3023 (88.1) | 637 (77.7) | ||
| Mild impairment, No (%) | 331 (9.7) | 115 (14.0) | ||
| Moderate-severe impairment, No (%) | 76 (2.2) | 68 (8.3) | ||
Note. Means ± standard deviation was shown. Others = other ethnics including Zhuang, Manchu, Hui, Mongolia, Tujia ethnics. Data are shown using % or mean (standard deviation). P values were calculated with chi-squared tests and Student’s t tests for categorical and continuous variables, respectively