Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants
| Patient characteristics | All patients n = 458 |
Without ADR N = 299 |
With ADR N = 159 |
P-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socio-demographics | ||||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 34.7 (9.0) | 34.3 (9.0) | 35.5 (9.0) | 0.08 |
| Age categories (years) (%) | ||||
| 17–30 | 163 (35.6%) | 116 (38.8%) | 47 (29.6%) | 0.15 |
| 31–40 | 181 (39.5%) | 112 (37.5%) | 69 (43.4%) | |
| 41 and above | 114 (25.9%) | 71 (23.8%) | 43 (27.0%) | |
| Gender, female (%) | 298 (65.1%) | 200 (66.9%) | 98 (61.6%) | 0.26 |
| Married status, married (%) | 239 (52.9%) | 177 (60.4%) | 62 (39.0%) | < 0.001 |
| Occupation (%) | ||||
| Unemployed | 204 (44.5%) | 141 (47.2%) | 63 (39.6%) | 0.038 |
| Employed | 254 (55.4%) | 158 (52.8%) | 96 (60.3%) | |
| Education (%) | ||||
| None | 108 (23.6%) | 80 (26.8%) | 28 (17.6%) | 0.002 |
| Primary | 67 (14.6%) | 53 (17.7%) | 14 (8.8%) | |
| Secondary | 158 (34.5%) | 93 (31.1%) | 65 (40.9%) | |
| Tertiary | 125 (27.3%) | 73 (24.4%) | 52 (32.7%) | |
| Clinical | ||||
| Year of enrolment (%) | ||||
| 2004–2006 | 222 (58.9%) | 125 (48.5%) | 97 (80.2%) | < 0.001 |
| 2007–2011 | 157 (41.4%) | 133 (51.6%) | 24 (19.8%) | |
| ART treatment duration (years), mean (SD) | 2.9 (1.2) | 2.6 (1.1) | 3.5 (1.3) | < 0.001 |
| Baseline CD4 count (cells/µl), mean (SD) | 160 (88) | 161 (91) | 159 (81) | 0.98 |
| Baseline CD4 count < 200 cells/µl (%) | 277 (61.8%) | 188 (62.9%) | 89 (59.7%) | 0.52 |
| CD4 count at ADR (cells/µl), mean (SD) | 317 (144) | 390 (111) | 170 (72) | < 0.001 |
| CD4 count at ADR < 200 cells/µl (%) | 109 (24.3%) | 7 (2.3%) | 102 (68.5%) | < 0.001 |
| Baseline viral load log 10, mean (SD) | 4.46 (1.00) | 4.24 (1.02) | 4.87 (0.84) | < 0.001 |
| Previous ARV regimen (%) | ||||
| NNRTI | 422 (92.1%) | 278 (93.0%) | 144 (90.6%) | 0.36 |
| PI | 36 (7.9%) | 21 (7.0%) | 15 (9.4%) | |
| Non-adherence to care (%) | 183 (40.0%) | 87 (29.1%) | 96 (60.4%) | < 0.001 |
| Hepatitis B status (%) | 97 (20.2%) | 59 (19.7%) | 38 (23.9%) | 0.30 |
NNRTI non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, PI protease inhibitors, ADR adverse drug reaction, ART ARV therapy, ARV antiretroviral
aP-values from Chi squared-test for categorical variables or Wilcoxon test for continuous variables