Table 2.

Univariate and multivariate analyses of predictors of ADR

	%ADR n(%)	Univariate OR (95% CI), P-value	Multivariate OR (95% CI), P-value
Age
17–30	47 (29.6%)	Reference	Reference
31–40	69 (43.4%)	1.52 (0.97–2.39), 0.07	2.35 (1.29–4.27), 0.005
41+	43 (27.0%)	1.50 (0.90–2.49), 0.12	2.31 (1.11–4.84), 0.026
Gender
Female	98 (61.6%)	Reference	Reference
Male	61 (38.4%)	1.26 (0.84–1.88), 0.26	0.73 (0.42–1.29), 0.28
Marital status
Single	97 (61.0%)	Reference	Reference
Married	62 (39.0%)	0.42 (0.28, 0.62), < 0.001	0.40 (0.24, 0.67), < 0.001
Occupation
Un-employed	63 (39.6%)	Reference	Reference
Employed	96 (60.4%)	1.36(0.92–2.01), 0.12	1.17 (0.68–2.02), 0.56
Education
None	28 (17.6%)	Reference	Reference
Primary	14 (8.8%)	0.76 (0.36–1.57), 0.45	0.61 (0.26–1.45), 0.26
Secondary	65 (40.9%)	2.00 (1.57–3.41), 0.011	2.14 (1.11–4.13), 0.02
Tertiary	52 (32.7%)	2.04 (1.17–3.56), 0.013	1.41 (0.69–2.85), 0.35
Year of enrolment
2004–2006	97 (80.2%)	2.83 (1.88–4.26), < 0.001	1.11 (0.58–2.11), 0.76
2007–2011	24 (19.8%)	Reference	Reference
Enrolment year		0.51 (0.43–0.61), < 0.001
Previous ARV regimen
NNRTI	144 (90.6%)	0.73 (0.36–1.45), 0.36
PI	15 (9.4%)	Reference
Non-adherence
No	63 (40.0%)	Reference	Reference
Yes	96 (60.4%)	3.71 (2.48–5.56), < 0.001	2.48 (1.50–4.00), < 0.001
Hepatitis B status
No	121 (76.0%)	Reference
Yes	38 (23.9%)	1.28 (0.80–2.03), 0.30
Treatment duration (years)		1.93 (1.61–2.31), < 0.001	1.80 (1.37–2.35), < 0.001
Baseline CD4 count
200+	60 (40.3%)	Reference
< 200	89 (59.7%)	0.88 (0.59–1.31), 0.52
CD4 count at ADR
200+	47 (13.5%)	Reference	Reference
< 200	102 (68.5%)	0.97 (0.96–0.98), < 0.001	0.95 (0.94–0.97), < 0.001
Baseline viral load at ADR (log10)		2.08 (1.65–2.64), < 0.001	1.97 (1.44–2.54), < 0.001

NNRTI non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, PI protease inhibitors, ADR adverse drug reaction, ART ARV therapy, ARV antiretroviral

^aP-values from Chi squared-test for categorical variables or Wilcoxon test for continuous variables