Pathological changes in myocardial tissue and expression of fibrosis-associated markers in ISO-treated rat heart tissues and CFs. (A) H&E and Masson staining revealed myocardial collagen deposition in myocardial tissues subsequent to ISO injection (scale bar, 100 µm). (B) CK activity, (C) CK-MB activity and (D) cTnI concentration were measured in the serum of ISO-treated and normal control rats. (E) miR-489 expression, and (F) Col1A1 and α-SMA mRNA levels in heart tissues obtained from the control and ISO-treated rats, as well as (G) miR-489, and (H) Col1A1 and α-SMA levels in the control and ISO-treated CFs were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. *P<0.05 vs. saline group. ISO, isoproterenol; CFs, cardiac fibroblasts; CK, creatine kinase; CK-MB, CK isozyme; cTnI, troponin I; miR, microRNA; Col1A1, collagen I; α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin.