Figure 6.

Effect of PDJ on the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression levels in RAW264.7 cells. RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with LPS (1 µg/ml) at 37°C for 1 h and then subsequently treated with PDJ (0, 2.5 or 5 µg/ml) for at 37°C 24 h. mRNA expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (A) IL-1β, (B) IL-6 and (C) TNFα were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. ^###P<0.001 vs. untreated group; *P<0.05 vs. LPS-only treated group; **P<0.01 vs. LPS-only treated group; ***P<0.001 vs. LPS-only treated group. PDJ, polyphenolic extract from the Dowijigi flower; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; IL, interleukin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.