Table 1.
Baseline characteristics before and after propensity-score matching.
| Characteristic | Amlodipine group (n = 868) | Control group (n = 1,798) | Matched control group (n = 868) | P1 | P2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | |||||
| Mean (years) | 63.66±9.51 | 63.46±9.45 | 63.79±9.92 | 0.613 | 0.778 |
| Distribution | |||||
| <60 years | 203 (23.39%) | 696 (38.54%) | 242 (27.88%) | ||
| ≥60 years | 665 (76.61%) | 1,102 (61.29%) | 626 (72.12%) | <0.001 | 0.032 |
| Sex (%) | |||||
| Male | 537 (61.87%) | 1,110 (61.74%) | 542 (62.44%) | 0.032 | 0.850 |
| Female | 331 (38.13%) | 688 (38.26%) | 326 (37.56%) | ||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.62±3.45 | 24.36±3.28 | 24.34±3.31 | 0.062 | 0.094 |
| Scr | 94.50±47.75 | 90.27±47.75 | 95.50±52.71 | 0.032 | 0.693 |
| GFR | 82.18±38.48 | 84.25±38.48 | 80.48±32.08 | 0.194 | 0.377 |
| Contrast type | |||||
| Low-osmolar | 673 (77.53%) | 1,474 (82.39%) | 708 (81.57%) | 0.007 | 0.037 |
| Iso-osmolar | 151 (17.40%) | 298 (16.66%) | 152 (17.51%) | 0.595 | 0.950 |
| High-osmolar | 1 (0.12%) | 26 (1.45%) | 8 (0.92%) | 0.001 | 0.019 |
| Diabetes | 296 (34.10%) | 501 (27.86%) | 285 (32.83%) | 0.001 | 0.576 |
| Anemia | 352 (40.55%) | 823(45.77%) | 436 (50.23%) | 0.011 | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 92 (10.60%) | 136 (7.56%) | 73 (8.41%) | 0.010 | 0.088 |
| Killip III | 94 (10.83%) | 152 (8.45%) | 76 (8.76%) | 0.109 | 0.146 |
| Medications | |||||
| Diuretic | 159 (18.32%) | 372 (20.69%) | 188 (21.66%) | 0.196 | 0.082 |
| ACEI | 417 (48.04%) | 776 (43.16%) | 380 (43.78%) | 0.553 | 0.068 |
| ARB | 174 (20.04%) | 227 (12.63%) | 104 (11.98%) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| β-blockers | 473 (54.49%) | 848 (47.16%) | 414 (47.70%) | <0.001 | 0.005 |
| Aspirin | 552 (63.59%) | 957 (53.23%) | 465 (53.57%) | 0.003 | <0.001 |
| Alprostadil | 193 (22.24%) | 351 (19.52%) | 166 (19.12%) | 0.087 | 0.123 |
eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; CKD, chronic kidney disease [defined as eGFR <60 mL/(min 1.73 m2)]; ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CI-AKI, contrast-induced acute kidney injury; P1, Amlodipine group vs Control group; P2, Amlodipine group vs Matched control group.