Table 2.

Magnetic resonance imaging sequences and possible application in the context of congenital cytomegalovirus

	Application
Sequence	Brain	Body/Placenta
T2w ssFSE	‐ Anatomical assessment ‐ Three orthogonal planes	‐ Anatomical assessment ‐ At least one plane
T2 SSFP	‐ Intraventricular lesion/septations	‐ Anatomical assessment ‐ Fetal heart/vessels ‐ Careful interpretation; if pericardial effusion suspected, confirm on T2 ssFSE
T1w	‐ Detection of hemorrhage and calcifications ‐ Bright periventricular rim in ventriculitis	‐ Detection of hemorrhage and calcifications ‐ Bowel assessment (meconium) ‐ Liver signal assessment
EPI/T2*	‐ Detection of hemorrhage and calcifications	‐ Detection of hemorrhage and calcifications ‐ Liver signal assessment
DWI/ADC	‐ Exclusion secondary lesions ‐ WM assessment	‐ Functioning kidney tissue detection
T2w—FLAIR	‐ Lamination ‐ WM assessment ‐ Intraventricular/periventricular lesions	‐ Fluid collection characterization (water/protein content)
T1w—FLAIR	‐ Myelination ‐ Calcifications ‐ Gliosis (?)	NA
DTI	‐ Tractography: reconstruction of WM fiber tracts. Assessment of presence or degree of disruption of major WM tracts in cases of destructive lesions. ‐ FA: assessment WM integrity	NA
MR spectroscopy (MRS)	‐ Metabolic profile brain tissue ‐ TE 35 ms: myo‐inositol, NAA, Choline ‐ TE 140 ms: AA, choline, Creatine, lactate	NA
CTG/Doppler US‐gated balanced SSFP	NA	‐ Evaluation of the fetal heart
Resting state functional MRI (fMRI) blood oxygenation level‐dependent contrast (BOLD)	‐ Assess functional connectivity (research)	‐ Placental imaging/placental reserve

Abbreviations: ADC, apparent diffusion coefficient; CTG, cardiotocogram; DTI, diffusion tensor imaging; DWI, diffusion weighted imaging; EPI, echo planar imaging; FA fractional anisotropy; FLAIR, fluid attenuation inversion recovery; MRS, Magnetic resonance spectroscopy; SSFP, steady state free precession; ssFSE, single shot Fast Spin Echo; WM, white matter.