Table 1.

Mitigation strategies to reduce dietary exposure to cadmium

Cadmium entry into the food supply	Terrestrial pathways/agriculture production planting, growing, and harvesting	Steps that can be taken by manufacturers	Steps that can be taken by consumers
Mitigation and prevention efforts	✓Understand contributing sources and distribution ✓Apply soil amendments based on characteristics of soil	✗ Discontinuing the use of cadmium‐plated utensils and galvanized equipment for food production can minimize excess cadmium in food	✰Eating a variety of foods can ensure a healthy diet
	✓Understand cadmium uptake in the crop ✓Select low cadmium varieties if possible	✗ Reducing cadmium‐bearing stabilizers in plastics can minimize cadmium exposure	✰Getting the proper amount of micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Ca) can protect against cadmium absorption and toxicity
	✓Use phytoextraction when possible	✗ Removing cadmium‐based pottery glazes on cookware can reduce cadmium exposure
	✓Avoid phosphate fertilizers
	✓Test irrigation water