Table 3.
Migraine‐Related Disability, Headache Frequency, Cutaneous Allodynia, Medication Overuse, Aura, Acute Treatment Optimization, and Psychiatric Comorbidity by Most Bothersome Symptom
| Most Bothersome Symptom | Total | χ 2 | P Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nausea | Photophobia | Phonophobia | ||||
| Total sample, n (%) | 1697 (28.1) | 2967 (49.1) | 1381 (22.8) | 6045 (100.0) | ||
| Migraine‐related disability,a n (%) | ||||||
| Little or no | 635 (37.4) | 1136 (38.3) | 481 (34.8) | 2252 (37.3) | 9.05 | .171 |
| Mild | 304 (17.9) | 513 (17.3) | 270 (19.6) | 1087 (18.0) | ||
| Moderate | 301 (17.7) | 557 (18.8) | 242 (17.5) | 1100 (18.2) | ||
| Severe | 457 (26.9) | 761 (25.6) | 388 (28.1) | 1606 (26.6) | ||
| Headache frequency,b days per month, n (%) | ||||||
| 0‐4 | 1015 (59.8) | 1822 (61.4) | 807 (58.4) | 3644 (60.3) | 9.85 | .131 |
| 5‐9 | 352 (20.7) | 574 (19.3) | 291 (21.1) | 1217 (20.1) | ||
| 10‐14 | 161 (9.5) | 255 (8.6) | 111 (8.0) | 527 (8.7) | ||
| ≥15 | 169 (10.0) | 316 (10.7) | 172 (12.5) | 657 (10.9) | ||
| Cutaneous allodynia,c n (%) | ||||||
| None | 1094 (64.5) | 1899 (64) | 831 (60.2) | 3824 (63.3) | 10.30 | .113 |
| Mild | 324 (19.1) | 580 (19.5) | 317 (23.0) | 1221 (20.2) | ||
| Moderate | 174 (10.3) | 293 (9.9) | 138 (10.0) | 605 (10.0) | ||
| Severe | 105 (6.2) | 195 (6.6) | 95 (6.9) | 395 (6.5) | ||
| Medication overuse,d yes, n (%) | 315 (19.3) | 527 (18.5) | 277 (20.8) | 1119 (19.2) | 3.03 | .220 |
| Migraine symptom severity,e median (Q1,Q3) | 18 (15,20) | 18 (16,19) | 17 (15,19) | 18 (15,19) | 19.59f | <.001 |
| Pain interference,g median (Q1,Q3) 0‐100 | 59.1 (53.8, 63.6) | 58.1 (53.8, 63.6) | 59.1 (55, 63.6) | 59.1 (55,63.6) | 8.28f | .016 |
| Total pain,h median (Q1,Q3) | 8.8 (4.2, 16.2) | 8.45 (4.1, 15.3) | 9.1 (4.9, 16.6) | 8.7 (4.3, 15.9) | 2.62f | .270 |
| Anxiety,i n (%) | 462 (27.2) | 766 (25.8) | 405 (29.3) | 1633 (27.0) | 5.94 | .051 |
| Depression,i n (%) | 342 (20.2) | 571 (19.2) | 296 (21.4) | 1209 (20.0) | 2.86 | .240 |
| Past year visual aura, n (%) | ||||||
| Absent | 1348 (79.4) | 2210 (74.5) | 1108 (80.2) | 4666 (77.2) | 24.43 | <.001 |
| Present | 349 (20.6) | 757 (25.5) | 273 (19.8) | 1379 (22.8) | ||
| Acute treatment optimization,j n (%) | ||||||
| Very poor | 85 (5.2) | 97 (3.4) | 62 (4.6) | 244 (4.2) | 16.63 | .011 |
| Poor | 526 (32.3) | 885 (31.1) | 394 (29.5) | 1805 (31.0) | ||
| Moderate | 409 (25.1) | 680 (23.9) | 322 (24.1) | 1411 (24.3) | ||
| Maximum | 610 (37.4) | 1188 (41.7) | 556 (41.7) | 2354 (40.5) | ||
Based on MIDAS, sum of missed and reduced productivity days, categories: little or no (0‐5), mild (6‐10), moderate (11‐20), and severe (≥21) disability.
Monthly headache days over the past 90 days, divided by 3.
Responses to 12 ASC questions scored as 0 (never or rarely), 1 (less than half the time), and 2 (half the time or more), and summed (range 0‐24), categories: none (0‐2), mild (3‐5), moderate (6‐8), and severe (9 or more).
Among n=5814 respondents with medication overuse data.
Based on MSSS of 7 items, range 0 to 21.
Median test chi‐square test statistic.
Based on PROMIS pain interference scale, extent to which pain hinders engagement with social, cognitive, emotional, physical, and recreational activities, as well as sleep and enjoyment in life.
Based on TPI, pain frequency and intensity in the head, face, neck/shoulder, back, arm/hand, legs/feet, and chest abdomen/pelvis.
Based on PHQ‐4, Depression and anxiety subscale sum scores (range 0‐6), ≥3 considered positive for screening purposes.
Based on mTOQ, responses to 4 questions scored as 0 (never or rarely), 1 (less than half the time), and 2 (half the time or more) and summed (range 0‐8), categories: very poor (0), poor (1‐5), moderate (6‐7), or maximum (8) treatment optimization. Among n = 5814 respondents with mTOQ data.