Table 4.
Logistic Models Predicting Nausea, Photophobia and Phonophobia as the Most Bothersome Symptom Using Demographic and Headache Characteristics as Predictors (N = 6045)
| Total Sample, n (%) | Nausea | Photophobia | Phonophobia | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1697 (28.1) | 2967 (49.1) | 1381 (22.8) | ||||
| P Value | OR (95% CI) | P Value | OR (95% CI) | P Value | OR (95% CI) | |
| Men† | <.001 | .77 (.66, .89) | <.001 | 1.32 (1.16, 1.50) | .182 | .90 (.77, 1.05) |
| Age,‡ years | ||||||
| 25‐34 | .584 | 1.10 (.77, 1.57) | .959 | .99 (.72, 1.37) | .589 | .90 (.61, 1.33) |
| 35‐44 | .659 | 1.08 (.76, 1.54) | .255 | .83 (.6, 1.15) | .394 | 1.18 (.80, 1.73) |
| 45‐54 | .846 | 1.04 (.73, 1.47) | .501 | .90 (.65, 1.24) | .568 | 1.12 (.76, 1.64) |
| 55‐64 | .813 | 1.04 (.73, 1.50) | .967 | 1.01 (.72, 1.40) | .748 | .94 (.63, 1.39) |
| ≥65 | .944 | .99 (.68, 1.44) | .942 | .99 (.70, 1.39) | .898 | 1.03 (.68, 1.55) |
| Annual household income§ | ||||||
| $25,000‐$49,999 | .026 | .79 (.64, 97) | .089 | 1.18 (.97, 1.43) | .695 | 1.05 (.83, 1.32) |
| $50,000‐$74,999 | .159 | .86 (.70, 1.06) | .601 | 1.05 (.87, 1.27) | .365 | 1.11 (.89, 1.39) |
| $75,000‐$99,999 | .001 | .70 (.56, 87) | .008 | 1.31 (1.07, 1.6) | .784 | 1.03 (.82, 1.31) |
| >$100,000 | .055 | .82 (.67, 1.00) | .107 | 1.17 (.97, 1.41) | .870 | 1.02 (.82, 1.27) |
| Not white¶ | .381 | 1.08 (.91, 1.27) | .192 | .91 (.78, 1.05) | .550 | 1.05 (.89, 1.25) |
| BMI category†† | ||||||
| Underweight | .040 | 1.46 (1.02, 2.08) | .191 | .79 (.55, 1.13) | .461 | .85 (.55, 1.31) |
| Overweight | .012 | .83 (.71, 96) | .113 | 1.11 (.97, 1.27) | .410 | 1.07 (.91, 1.25) |
| Obese | .003 | .80 (.70, 93) | .012 | 1.18 (1.04, 1.35) | .859 | 1.01 (.87, 1.18) |
| Cutaneous allodynia‡‡ | .066 | .89 (.78, 1.01) | .311 | .94 (.84, 1.06) | .002 | 1.24 (1.08, 1.41) |
| Past year visual aura§§ | .005 | .81 (.71, 94) | <.001 | 1.4 (1.24, 1.59) | .001 | .78 (.67, 91) |
| Acute treatment optimization¶¶ | ||||||
| Moderate | .017 | 1.20 (1.03, 1.40) | .174 | .91 (.79, 1.04) | .362 | .93 (.79, 1.09) |
| Poor | .006 | 1.22 (1.06, 1.41) | .382 | .94 (.83, 1.07) | .061 | .86 (.74, 1.01) |
| Very poor | .007 | 1.49 (1.11, 1.99) | .010 | .69 (.52, 92) | .850 | 1.03 (.75, 1.41) |
†
Women reference group.
‡
18‐24 years reference group.
§
<$25,000 reference group.
¶
White reference group.
††
Normal reference group.
‡‡
Allodynia present (mild, moderate, or severe); none reference group.
§§
<2 times past year reference group.
¶¶
Maximum treatment optimization reference group.
Several covariates that were included in initial models did not significantly contribute and were trimmed from final models: MIDAS, MHDs, medication overuse, MSSS, PROMIS pain interference, TPI, PHQ‐2 anxiety, PHQ‐2 depression.
BMI = body mass index.