Table 2a.
Cox regression analyses for overall survival and time to failure of first‐line treatment per systemic treatment strategy
| Overall survival (n = 2,204) | Time to failure of first‐line treatment (n = 1,700) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients No. | Median OS (months) | Univariable analyses | Multivariable analyses | Patients No. | Median TTF (months) | Univariable analyses | Multivariable analyses | |||||||||
| HR | 95% CI | p value | HR | 95% CI | p value | HR | 95% CI | p value | HR | 95% CI | p value | |||||
| Systemic treatment strategy | ||||||||||||||||
| Monotherapy | 228 | 4.1 | 1.71 | 1.48–1.98 | <0.001 | 1.67 | 1.43–1.96 | <0.001 | 205 | 2.5 | 1.51 | 1.29–1.77 | <0.001 | 1.65 | 1.39–1.96 | <0.001 |
| Doublet | 980 | 7.4 | Ref | Ref | 683 | 4.5 | Ref | Ref | ||||||||
| Triplet | 758 | 7.7 | 0.94 | 0.85–1.03 | 0.188 | 0.92 | 0.83–1.02 | 0.110 | 666 | 4.8 | 0.89 | 0.79–0.99 | 0.027 | 0.92 | 0.82–1.04 | 0.179 |
| Trastuzumab‐containing regimen | 215 | 11.2 | 0.62 | 0.53–0.72 | <0.001 | 0.63 | 0.54–0.74 | <0.001 | 126 | 6.7 | 0.62 | 0.51–0.76 | <0.001 | 0.62 | 0.51–0.76 | <0.001 |
| Targeted therapy‐containing regimen (nontrastuzumab) | 23 | 11.9 | 0.73 | 0.48–1.11 | 0.142 | 0.67 | 0.44–1.03 | 0.068 | 20 | 9.2 | 0.54 | 0.35–0.86 | 0.009 | 0.53 | 0.33–0.83 | 0.006 |
| Age, years | ||||||||||||||||
| <60 | 741 | 7.8 | Ref | Ref | 581 | 4.8 | Ref | Ref | ||||||||
| 60–69 | 856 | 7.5 | 1.03 | 0.93–1.14 | 0.542 | 1.01 | 0.91–1.12 | 0.901 | 669 | 4.6 | 0.99 | 0.89–1.11 | 0.904 | 0.95 | 0.85–1.07 | 0.432 |
| 70–79 | 566 | 7.0 | 1.06 | 0.95–1.19 | 0.280 | 1.01 | 0.89–1.14 | 0.893 | 417 | 4.3 | 1.00 | 0.88–1.13 | 0.937 | 0.92 | 0.80–1.06 | 0.227 |
| ≥80 | 41 | 6.5 | 1.26 | 0.92–1.74 | 0.153 | 1.03 | 0.74–1.43 | 0.873 | 33 | 4.1 | 1.19 | 0.84–1.69 | 0.330 | 0.94 | 0.65–1.35 | 0.721 |
| Sex | ||||||||||||||||
| Male | 1,670 | 7.5 | Ref | Ref | 1,290 | 4.6 | Ref | Ref | ||||||||
| Female | 534 | 7.5 | 1.02 | 0.93–1.13 | 0.645 | 0.92 | 0.83–1.03 | 0.135 | 410 | 4.6 | 1.01 | 0.90–1.13 | 0.909 | 0.93 | 0.83–1.05 | 0.251 |
| Performance status | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 or 1 | 1,220 | 8.3 | Ref | Ref | 902 | 4.8 | Ref | Ref | ||||||||
| ≥2 | 152 | 4.7 | 1.73 | 1.46–2.06 | <0.001 | 1.61 | 1.36–1.92 | <0.001 | 114 | 2.9 | 1.53 | 1.26–1.87 | <0.001 | 1.39 | 1.14–1.70 | 0.001 |
| Unknown | 832 | 6.8 | 1.20 | 1.09–1.31 | <0.001 | 1.16 | 1.06–1.27 | 0.002 | 684 | 4.3 | 1.14 | 1.03–1.26 | 0.011 | 1.14 | 1.02–1.26 | 0.016 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 805 | 7.6 | Ref | Ref | 652 | 4.8 | Ref | Ref | ||||||||
| 1 | 621 | 7.0 | 0.94 | 0.84–1.04 | 0.233 | 0.94 | 0.84–1.05 | 0.272 | 475 | 4.1 | 0.95 | 0.85–1.08 | 0.442 | 0.97 | 0.85–1.10 | 0.600 |
| ≥2 | 702 | 7.6 | 1.00 | 0.90–1.11 | 0.975 | 0.96 | 0.86–1.07 | 0.460 | 538 | 4.7 | 0.97 | 0.87–1.09 | 0.654 | 0.95 | 0.84–1.07 | 0.414 |
| Unknown | 76 | 10.5 | 0.69 | 0.54–0.88 | 0.003 | 0.70 | 0.54–0.89 | 0.004 | 35 | 6.2 | 0.77 | 0.55–1.09 | 0.140 | 0.74 | 0.52–1.05 | 0.088 |
| Tumor location | ||||||||||||||||
| Esophagus | 1,014 | 7.8 | Ref | Ref | 772 | 4.6 | Ref | Ref | ||||||||
| Gastroesophageal junction or cardia | 410 | 7.6 | 0.95 | 0.85–1.07 | 0.395 | 0.95 | 0.84–1.08 | 0.417 | 316 | 5.0 | 0.90 | 0.79–1.03 | 0.131 | 0.92 | 0.80–1.06 | 0.268 |
| Stomach | 780 | 6.9 | 1.08 | 0.98–1.18 | 0.132 | 1.02 | 0.91–1.15 | 0.698 | 612 | 4.4 | 0.98 | 0.88–1.09 | 0.691 | 0.98 | 0.85–1.12 | 0.729 |
| Histology | ||||||||||||||||
| Adenocarcinoma | 2,056 | 7.6 | Ref | Ref | 1,580 | 3.7 | Ref | Ref | ||||||||
| Squamous cell carcinoma | 128 | 6.5 | 1.24 | 1.03–1.48 | 0.021 | 1.22 | 1.01–1.48 | 0.040 | 104 | 4.7 | 1.40 | 1.15–1.71 | 0.001 | 1.13 | 1.08–1.67 | 0.008 |
| Carcinoma NOS | 20 | 4.6 | 1.54 | 0.99–2.40 | 0.054 | 1.44 | 0.92–2.25 | 0.112 | 16 | 3.1 | 1.27 | 0.77–2.07 | 0.347 | 1.03 | 0.73–2.00 | 0.452 |
| Liver metastasis | 1,169 | 7.4 | 0.98 | 0.90–1.07 | 0.628 | 1.17 | 1.06–1.29 | 0.002 | 920 | 4.6 | 1.00 | 0.90–1.10 | 0.943 | 1.22 | 1.01–1.26 | 0.041 |
| Distant lymph node metastasis | 890 | 7.2 | 1.06 | 0.97–1.15 | 0.226 | 1.17 | 1.07–1.29 | 0.001 | 684 | 4.5 | 0.97 | 0.88–1.07 | 0.571 | 1.16 | 0.92–1.14 | 0.620 |
| Peritoneal metastasis | 524 | 6.9 | 1.22 | 1.11–1.35 | <0.001 | 1.42 | 1.25–1.61 | <0.001 | 385 | 4.1 | 1.11 | 0.99–1.24 | 0.079 | 1.31 | 1.05–1.41 | 0.009 |
| Lung metastasis | 430 | 7.0 | 1.09 | 0.98–1.21 | 0.122 | 1.16 | 1.04–1.29 | 0.010 | 327 | 4.1 | 1.14 | 1.01–1.29 | 0.032 | 1.13 | 1.02–1.32 | 0.021 |
| Other metastases locations | 499 | 6.6 | 1.25 | 1.13–1.39 | <0.001 | 1.35 | 1.22–1.50 | <0.001 | 379 | 4.1 | 1.23 | 1.09–1.38 | <0.001 | 1.16–1.47 | <0.001 | |
| Year of diagnosis | 0.95 | 0.93–0.97 | <0.001 | 0.97 | 0.95–0.99 | 0.009 | 1.00 | 0.97–1.02 | 0.724 | 1.02 | 0.99–1.05 | 0.230 | ||||
Cox regression analyses in patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2016 for overall survival and patients between 2010 and 2015 for time to failure of first‐line treatment. Both univariable and multivariable analyses are displayed for first‐line systemic therapy subdivided in strategies (Table 2a) as well as regimens (Table 2b). Hazard ratios were adjusted for age, sex, performance status, number of comorbidities, tumor location, histology, metastases locations and year of diagnosis. Systemic treatment strategies were divided in chemotherapy regimens (monotherapy, doublet and triplet), trastuzumab‐containing regimens and nontrastuzumab targeted therapy‐containing regimens. Systemic treatment regimens were dived as follows: monotherapy; fluoropyrimidine doublets (with a platinum [but not cisplatin], taxane or irinotecan); cisplatin doublets (with a fluoropyrimidine, taxane or etoposide); gemcitabine doublets (with a platinum/cisplatin); platinum (but not cisplatin)/taxane doublets; anthracycline triplets (with a fluoropyrimidine and platinum/cisplatin); taxane triplets (with a fluoropyrimidine and platinum/cisplatin); trastuzumab‐containing regimens; and (nontrastuzumab) targeted therapy‐containing regimens.
Abbreviations: A, anthracycline; C, cisplatin; CI, confidence interval; E, etoposide; F, fluoropyrimidine (capecitabine or 5‐FU); G, gemcitabine; HR, hazard ratio; I, irinotecan; NOS, not otherwise specified; OS, overall survival; P, platinum compound (oxaliplatin or carboplatin); T, taxane; TTF, time to failure.