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. 2019 Dec 31;101(2):e02938. doi: 10.1002/ecy.2938

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© 2020 The Authors. Ecology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Ecological Society of America

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Projections of global surface temperatures for 2100 (mean temperature 2080–2100 to 1980–2000, January–December AR5 CMIP subset) and locations of field studies included in this meta‐analysis (white circles). Warming projections are based on the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report Climate Change Atlas (RCP 4.5) and were generated using the Climate Explorer Tool (https://climexp.knmi.nl/plot_atlas_form.py). The location of the studies on the global map was generated using the borders function from the R package maps. The sites in Asia are over 3,000 meters above sea level. Biomes were classified based on MAT and MAP (Appendix S1: Fig. S1).