. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Feb 20.

Published in final edited form as: Stat Med. 2019 Dec 4;39(4):438–455. doi: 10.1002/sim.8415

TABLE 3.

Summary of bias-corrected sandwich variance estimators for $\hat{θ}$

Label	Correction	C_i	B_i	References
BC0	none	I	I	Liang and Zeger¹⁹
BC1	less	I	(I − H_i)^−1/2	Kauermann and Carroll²⁸
BC2	more	I	(I − H_i)⁻¹	Mancl and DeRouen²⁹
BC3	less	$diag {{(1 - min {ζ, {[D_{i}^{'} V_{i}^{- 1} D_{i} Ω_{1}^{- 1}]}_{j j}})}^{- 1 / 2}}$	I	Fay and Graubard³⁰