Table 2.
Cardiac Arrest Characteristics and Associations with Outcomes
| Characteristic | Overall | Survived to 12 months | P-valuea | VABS-II decreased by ≤ 15 pointsb | P-valuea | Survived to 12 months with VABS-II ≥ 70b,c | P-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 147 | 61/147 (41.5%) | 32/145 (22.1%) | 39/128 (30.5%) | |||
| Primary etiology of cardiac arrest | 0.140 | 0.286 | 0.306 | ||||
| Cardiovascular event | 116 (78.9%) | 51/116 (44.0%) | 28/114 (24.6%) | 32/99 (32.3%) | |||
| Respiratory event | 26 (17.7%) | 10/26 (38.5%) | 4/26 (15.4%) | 7/24 (29.2%) | |||
| Other | 5 (3.4%) | 0/5 (0.0%) | 0/5 (0.0%) | 0/5 (0.0%) | |||
| Cardiac rhythm at start of chest compressions | 0.109 | 0.265 | 0.027 | ||||
| Asystole | 7 (4.8%) | 1/7 (14.3%) | 0/7 (0.0%) | 0/5 (0.0%) | |||
| Bradycardia | 86 (58.5%) | 32/86 (37.2%) | 16/84 (19.0%) | 16/70 (22.9%) | |||
| Pulseless electrical activity | 30 (20.4%) | 16/30 (53.3%) | 8/30 (26.7%) | 12/30 (40.0%) | |||
| Ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia | 19 (12.9%) | 11/19 (57.9%) | 7/19 (36.8%) | 10/18 (55.6%) | |||
| Unknown | 5 (3.4%) | 1/5 (20.0%) | 1/5 (20.0%) | 1/5 (20.0%) | |||
| Duration of chest compressions (minutes) | 0.230 | 0.478 | 0.015 | ||||
| ≤ 15 | 11 (7.5%) | 5/11 (45.5%) | 2/10 (20.0%) | 4/10 (40.0%) | |||
| 16–30 | 22 (15.0%) | 8/22 (36.4%) | 5/22 (22.7%) | 4/17 (23.5%) | |||
| 31–45 | 37 (25.2%) | 21/37 (56.8%) | 12/37 (32.4%) | 17/32 (53.1%) | |||
| 46–60 | 33 (22.4%) | 13/33 (39.4%) | 5/32 (15.6%) | 5/30 (16.7%) | |||
| > 60 | 44 (29.9%) | 14/44 (31.8%) | 8/44 (18.2%) | 9/39 (23.1%) | |||
| Total number of doses of epinephrine administered | 0.576 | 0.508 | 0.913 | ||||
| 0–2 | 27 (18.4%) | 10/27 (37.0%) | 3/26 (11.5%) | 7/23 (30.4%) | |||
| 3–5 | 38 (25.9%) | 19/38 (50.0%) | 9/37 (24.3%) | 12/35 (34.3%) | |||
| 6–8 | 21 (14.3%) | 7/21 (33.3%) | 6/21 (28.6%) | 5/19 (26.3%) | |||
| > 8 | 60 (40.8%) | 24/60 (40.0%) | 13/60 (21.7%) | 14/50 (28.0%) | |||
| Unknown | 1 (0.7%) | 1/1 (100.0%) | 1/1 (100.0%) | 1/1 (100.0%) | |||
| Epinephrine dosing interval (min/dose) | 0.783 | 0.927 | 0.201 | ||||
| No epinephrine recorded | 3 (2.0%) | 2/3 (66.7%) | 1/3 (33.3%) | 2/2 (100.0%) | |||
| < 3 min/dose | 8 (5.4%) | 3/8 (37.5%) | 2/8 (25.0%) | 3/8 (37.5%) | |||
| 3 - < 5 min/dose | 30 (20.4%) | 14/30 (46.7%) | 7/30 (23.3%) | 8/25 (32.0%) | |||
| 5 - < 8 min/dose | 42 (28.6%) | 15/42 (35.7%) | 7/41 (17.1%) | 8/36 (22.2%) | |||
| ≥ 8 min/dose | 63 (42.9%) | 26/63 (41.3%) | 14/62 (22.6%) | 17/56 (30.4%) | |||
| Unknown | 1 (0.7%) | 1/1 (100.0%) | 1/1 (100.0%) | 1/1 (100.0%) | |||
| Number of defibrillation attempts | 0.432 | 0.031 | 0.077 | ||||
| None | 104 (70.7%) | 44/104 (42.3%) | 17/102 (16.7%) | 23/90 (25.6%) | |||
| 1 | 13 (8.8%) | 4/13 (30.8%) | 3/13 (23.1%) | 4/12 (33.3%) | |||
| 2 | 16 (10.9%) | 5/16 (31.3%) | 5/16 (31.3%) | 5/15 (33.3%) | |||
| > 2 | 14 (9.5%) | 8/14 (57.1%) | 7/14 (50.0%) | 7/11 (63.6%) | |||
| Open-chest cardiac massage | 0.023 | 0.003 | 0.010 | ||||
| No | 104 (70.7%) | 37/104 (35.6%) | 16/103 (15.5%) | 22/92 (23.9%) | |||
| Yes | 43 (29.3%) | 24/43 (55.8%) | 16/42 (38.1%) | 17/36 (47.2%) | |||
| Treatment Assigned | 0.194 | 0.050 | 0.084 | ||||
| Hypothermia | 72 (49.0%) | 26/72 (36.1%) | 11/72 (15.3%) | 15/64 (23.4%) | |||
| Normothermia | 75 (51.0%) | 35/75 (46.7%) | 21/73 (28.8%) | 24/64 (37.5%) |
a
All p-values from chi-squared test of no association. Categories of “unknown” were excluded from the analysis of total number of epinephrine doses administered, epinephrine dosing interval, and number of defibrillation attempts.
b
VABS-II is Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition.
c
Only subjects with baseline VABS-II ≥70 were included for this outcome.