1. Characteristics of studies.

Stduy name	Year	N	Country	Setting	Participants	Intervention
Avorn 1994	1994	192	USA	Nursing homes	Elderly women, mean age 78.5 years	Cranberry juice cocktail: 300 mL/d (30% cranberry concentrate) Placebo beverage PAC content: NS
Haverkorn 1994	1994	38	Netherlands	Hospital	Elderly men (9) and women (29), mean age 81 years	Cranberry juice: 15 mL, twice a day (30 mL cranberry juice/d, concentration not specified) PAC content: NS
Foda 1995	1995	40	Canada	Hospital clinic	Children with neuropathic bladder requiring clean intermittent catheterisation, mean age 9.35 years	Cranberry juice cocktail: 15 mL/kg/d (30% cranberry concentrate) 3‐4 times a day PAC content: NS
Walker 1997	1997	19	USA	Family practice	Young women with recurrent UTI, median age 37 years	Cranberry capsules: 400 mg of cranberry solids (total amount/d: NS) PAC content: NS
Schlager 1999	1999	15	USA	Hospital clinic	Children with neuropathic bladder requiring clean intermittent catheterisation, aged 2‐18 years	Cranberry juice cocktail: 300 mL/d (30% cranberry concentrate) PAC content: NS
Kontiokari 2001	2001	150	Finland	Student health service	Young women (mean age 29‐32 years) with previous UTI	Cranberry‐lingonberry juice: 50 mL once/d, 5 days/week (7.5 g cranberry concentrate) PAC content: NS
McGuiness 2002	2002	135	Canada	Outpatient clinic for MS patients	Patinets with multiple sclerosis	Cranberry tablet: 8000 mg, once/d (am) for 6 months PAC content: NS
Stothers 2002	2002	150	Canada	Unclear	Women with recurrent UTI (aged 21‐72 years)	Cranberry juice: 250 mL three times/d or one concentrated cranberry juice tablet twice daily (dose NS apart from 'at least 1:30 parts concentrated juice) PAC content: NS (study authors did not know if the product contained active PAC or not)
Linsenmeyer 2004	2004	21	USA	Urology rehabilitation clinic	Spinal cord injury patients with neuropathic bladders	Cranberry tablets: 1200 mg/d (3 x 400 mg tablets) PAC content: NS
Waites 2004	2004	48	USA	Hospital clinic	Spinal cord injury patients with neuropathic bladders	Cranberry juice capsule: 2000 mg/d PAC content: NS
McMurdo 2005	2005	376	Scotland	Hospital	Elderly inpatients	Cranberry juice: 300 mL once/d PAC concentration: 11.175 µg/g (dry solids basis)
Lee 2007	2007	305	Australia	Community	Spinal cord injury patients	Cranberry tablets: 1600 mg/d Methenamine hippurate tablet: 2 mg PAC content: NS
Wing 2008	2008	115	USA	Pre‐natal clinic	Pregnant women	Cranberry juice ‐ Group 2: 240 mL cranberry drink at breakfast, placebo juice at other meals ‐ Group 3: 240 mL cranberry juice 3 times/d (dosage changed throughout) Mean PAC content: 80 mg/240 mL
Hess 2008	2008	47	USA	SpInal cord injury patients in Veterans Admin Hospital	Spinal cord injury patients with neurogenic bladders	Cranberry tablet: 1000 mg/d (500 mg tablet) PAC concentration: NS
Ferrara 2009	2009	80	Italy	Paediatric nephrology ambulatory clinic	Girls with > 1 UTI in past year	Cranberry concentrate, 50 mL in 50 mL water Lactobacillus GG drink: 100 mL PAC content: NS
McMurdo 2009	2009	137	UK	Scottish primary care research network	Women ≥ 45 years with ≥ 2 UTIs in the previous 12 months	Cranberry tablet: 500 mg Antibiotic: 100 mg TMP PAC content: NS
Essadi 2010	2010	544	Unsure	Antenatal clinic	Pregnant women	Cranberry juice: 250 mL, 4 times/d PAC content: NS
PACS Study 2008	2010	56	USA	Nursing home	Elderly men and women (> 60 years) with dementia	Cranberry tablet: 1 x 650 mg or 2 x 1300 mg PAC content: NS
Salo 2010	2010	252	Finland	Hospital	Children with UTI	Cranberry juice: 5 mL/kg up to 300 mL PAC concentration: NS
Uberos 2010	2010	51	Spain	Unclear, possibly hospital	Children with UTI	Cranberry syrup: 0.2 mL/kg Antibiotic: 8 mg/kg TMP 'The concentration guarantees that 5 mL of the syrup contains 36 mg of highly bioactive PAC extracted from the cranberry syrup, measured by the BL‐DMAC method.'
Barbosa‐Cesnik 2011	2011	319	USA	University Health Service	Adult women with urinary symptoms	Cranberry juice: 2 x 240 mL (480 mL/d) PAC concentration: 112 mg (range 83–136 mg; SD 614.1 mg)
NAPRUTI Study 2011 I	2011	199	Netherlands	Primary care physicians	Adult women (premenopausal) with at least 3 UTIs in previous 12 months	Cranberry tablet: 2 x 500 mg/d Antibiotic: 480 mg TMP‐SMX Type A PAC in cranberry extract: 9.1 mg/g
Sengupta 2011	2011	57	India	Medical clinic	Adult women	Cranberry tablets: 500 mg/d or 1000 mg/d PAC content: 1.5%
Cowan 2012	2012	128	UK	Oncology unit	Adults with bladder or cervical cancer	Cranberry juice: twice daily, volume (NS), PAC concentration (NS)

DMAC ‐ dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde; NS ‐ not stated; PAC ‐ proanthocyanidin; SD ‐ standard deviation; SMX ‐ sulfamethoxazole; TMP ‐ trimethoprim