Hess 2008.

Methods	Study design: cross‐over RCT Power calculation: yes Intention‐to‐treat analysis: no
Participants	Inclusion criteria Setting: spinal cord injury service in Veterans Admin Hospital; single centre Country: USA Number: 57 randomised; 47 analysed Median age: 53 years Sex (M/F): all men Exclusion criteria Spinal cord injury duration < 12 mo; GFR < 30 mL/min; immunosuppression; current malignancy
Interventions	Treatment group Cranberry tablet: 500 mg twice daily Control group Placebo tablet: rice flour, matched to cranberry tablet
Outcomes	Primary outcome: symptomatic UTI Secondary outcome: significant bacteriuria; at least 1 UTI over 6 months; rate of UTI/person‐years
Notes	Cross‐over design without data on 1st phase being separate, not analysed
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No method reported
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Concealed, managed by the pharmacy
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Blinding stated
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Unsure if outcome assessors blind, but all others were and outcome is objectively measured
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	High risk	10 patients lost to follow‐up and no details provided
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Appropriate outcome
Other bias	Low risk	No apparent additional bias Source of funding: NS