Schlager 1999.

Methods	Study design: cross‐over RCT Power calculation: no Intention‐to‐treat analysis: yes
Participants	Inclusion criteria Setting: single centre Country: USA Neuropathic bladder and managed by clean intermittent catheterisation; lived at home, had normal findings on renal ultrasonography and voided cystourethrogram, and lived within a 1 hour drive of the hospital. Number: 15 randomised and analysed Age range: 2‐18 years Exclusion criteria: NS
Interventions	Treatment group Cranberry juice cocktail: 300 mL/d (30% cranberry concentrate) Control group Placebo beverage: looked and tasted similar but contained no cranberry juice Duration of treatment: 3 months cranberry juice; 3 months placebo
Outcomes	Presence of bacteriuria Symptomatic UTI
Notes	Method of obtaining urine sample CSU Definition of symptomatic bacteriuria Defined as bacteriuria with fever, abdominal pain, change in continence pattern, or change in colour or odour of urine Definition of bacteriuria ≥ 100,000/mL
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No details provided, states only "randomly assigned"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Adequate, randomly assigned by research pharmacist
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Stated as double blinded
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Culture results not available to investigators during the study
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	All children and results accounted for
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Symptomatic UTI reported as appropriate
Other bias	Low risk	Nothing apparent Source of funding: Grants from Spinal Cord Research Foundation and the Pendleton Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Laboratory