Uberos 2010.

Methods	Study design: parallel RCT Power calculation: no Intention‐to‐treat analysis: yes, and also survival analysis in which appearance of the event (UTI) was sufficient cause for ending the follow‐up period
Participants	Inclusion criteria Setting: paediatric nephrology and urology departments; single centre Country: Spain Children aged from 1 month to 13 years, with recurrent UTI (2 or more infections in 6 months), vesicoureteric reflux of any degree, pyelic ectasia or hydronephrosis or anatomical kidney disorder Number: 198 randomised; 192 analysed
Interventions	Treatment group Cranberry syrup: 0.2 mL/kg (Urell, Pharmatoka) Control group TMP: 8 mg/kg
Outcomes	UTI
Notes	Published first as an abstract, more recently as a full report
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Computer and ID card
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Method stated
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	States double blinding
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Possibly, uncertain who double blind refers to
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Losses to follow‐up/withdrawals: 3 in each group (six in total)
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Symptomatic UTI is most appropriate
Other bias	Unclear risk	Due to problems during the randomisation process, 75 patients were assigned to receive cranberry syrup and 117 to receive TMP. However, blinding to treatment was maintained. Source of funding: Carlos III Institute of Health for Clinical Research, Madrid, Spain