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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2019 Sep 14;27(12):1822–1830. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.07.018

Figure 2. High strain rates reduce cell viability and compromise local tissue biomechanics at the articular surface.

Figure 2.

(A) Damaged regions and reduced cell viability (red signal, loss of green signal) are evident in regions impacted by the indenter at the (top) articular surface. (B) Chondrocyte viability was significantly reduced when the strain rate was increased from 0.1 %/sec to 80 %/sec (* p=0.0006). (C) Young’s modulus, as assessed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), was reduced in regions impacted by the indenter at high (80 %/sec) strain rates (damaged region) compared to regions that were not impacted (undamaged region) (** p=0.006).