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. 2019 Oct 25;28(3):349–357. doi: 10.1038/s41431-019-0533-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Results from longitudinal analyses of LOY mosaicism in whole blood DNA from 276 aging individuals from the ULSAM cohort. Subjects were sampled serially 2–5 times over a period of up to 22.2 years. Every point represents a measurement of LOY in a subject at one time point with the level of LOY estimated from SNP-array data at the Y-axes and age of sampling on the X-axes. The dataset before (a) and after transformation (b) of the mLRRY-values using the equation: LOY (%) = 100 × (1−2^2mLRRY). Grey lines connect the LOY measurements from the same individual at different time points. The dotted black line in b indicates a level of LOY mosaicism at which at least 30% of the nucleated blood cells are without a Y chromosome. This threshold was used to identify subjects displaying a high level of LOY at any time point during the study and the longitudinal changes in the frequency of LOY in this subset are displayed in c and d. To visualise changes in LOY frequency over time, points and lines were colour-coded to connect multiple measurements from the same individual. c Displays the subjects showing a clear progression in the frequency of LOY over time and d shows non-progressing individuals with miscellaneous types of longitudinal change