Figure 5.

Schematic illustration of the biohybrid gradient scaffolds for osteochondral repair by 3D printing technology. (A) The compositions of bio-ink A and bio-ink B and 3D-printing method of hybrid gradient scaffolds assisted with a low-temperature receiver. (B) Formation of hydrogel scaffold after UV light-initiated polymerization with hydrogen bonding interactions. (C) Osteochondral repair treated with the biohybrid gradient PACG-GelMA scaffold, with Mn²⁺ and BG being loaded on the top and bottom layers, respectively. Reproduced from Gao et al. (2019) with permission from Copyright 2019 Wiley.