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. 2019 Sep 21;49(4):849–864. doi: 10.1007/s13280-019-01244-4

Table 2.

Long-term monitoring activities in relation to acid rain and other pollutants

Activity and time Geographical coverage and number of sites Programme centre Web page comments
Atmosphere
EACN (IMI network) 1955–1976 Europe > 100 sites Stockholm University

Some sites continued within EMEP after 1976

L Granat, pers. comm.

WMO GAW/BAPMoN 1964– Global > 200 sites World Meteorological Organisation http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/gaw/gaw_home_en.html
EMEP 1977– Europe and ECE region of Asia approx. 350 Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) http://www.emep.int/
NADP 1977– US approx. 260 sites University of Wisconsin-Madison http://nadp.slh.wisc.edu/
CAPMoN (incl. APN) 1978– Canada 25–35 sites Environment Canada https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/air-pollution/monitoring-networks-data/canadian-air-precipitation.html
EANET East Asia Asia Center for Air Pollution Research (ACAP) http://www.eanet.asia/
Male Declaration 2003– South Asia 15 sites Asian Institute of Technology http://www.rrcap.ait.asia/male
Ecosystems
ICP Forests 1985– Europe 5000 sites and 500 intense sites Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems http://icp-forests.net/
ICP Waters 1985– Europe and North America approx. 250 sites Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) http://www.icp-waters.no/
ICP Materials 1985– Europe and North America approx. 40 sites Rise KIMAB AB, Sweden http://www.corr-institute.se/icp-materials/web/page.aspx
ICP Integrated Monitoring 1987– Europe approx. 50 sites Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) http://www.syke.fi/nature/icpim
ICP Vegetation 1987– Europe Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, UK https://icpvegetation.ceh.ac.uk/