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. 2020 Feb 18;11:937. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-14756-5

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Ligand exchange from cadmium-carboxylates (with a small amount of negatively charged carboxylates) to primary amines. b Absorption and steady-state photoluminescence (PL) spectra. c Time-resolved PL spectra with mono-exponential PL decay lifetime (τ) and quantum yield (QY). d QLED structure: indium tin oxide (ITO)/ poly(ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS, ~35 nm)/poly (N,N9-bis(4-butylphenyl)-N,N9-bis(phenyl)-benzidine) (poly-TPD, ~30 nm)/poly(9-vinlycarbazole) (PVK, ~5 nm)/QDs (~40 nm)/Zn_0.9Mg_0.1O nanocrystals (~60 nm)/Ag. e Current density and luminance vs. driving voltage characteristics of the QLEDs. f EQE vs. driving voltage characteristics of the QLEDs. g Stability of electroluminescence (EL) of the QLEDs driven at a constant current density of 100 mA cm⁻².