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. 2020 Feb 18;11:937. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-14756-5

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a FTIR spectra of the as-synthesized CdSe/CdS-Cd(RCOO)₂ QDs (red) and the completely surface-treated CdSe/CdS-RNH₂ QDs (black). Vibration bands of RNH₂ and Cd(RCOO)₂ are labeled as ν_N-H and ν_COO-, respectively. b Residual carboxylate percentages and PL QY of the CdSe/CdS core/shell QDs in solution vs. different concentration of primary amine used in the ligand-exchange procedures. c PL QY of the QD films, IQE of the QLEDs, operational lifetime of the QLEDs, and voltage gap of the QLEDs vs. the residual percentage of carboxylate ligands identified by FTIR.