Fig. 5. Azoramide restores Ca²⁺ homeostasis and decreases ER stress in PLA2G6^D331Y/D331Y DA neurons.

a Time-lapse fluorescence changes of intracellular Ca²⁺ levels of PLA2G6^WT/WT and PLA2G6^D331Y/D331Y DA neurons at day 15 and 20 were determined by Fluo-4 AM. Representative results of calcium imaging. b Intracellular Ca²⁺ levels at baseline, post-TG treatment, and after additional Ca²⁺ treatment in PLA2G6^WT/WT and PLA2G6^D331Y/D331Y DA neurons. c PLA2G6^D331Y/D331Y DA neurons were treated with 10 μM azoramide from day 15 to 20. Changes in intracellular Ca²⁺ levels were measured by calcium imaging. d, e Expression of ER stress protein was determined and quantified by western blotting. α-Tubulin was the internal control. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. All experiments were replicated in triplicate independently. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.005. Scale bar: 30 µm.