Fig. 4. SR9009 suppresses activation of the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.

a, b RA FLSs pretreated with SR9009 (10 μM) for 12 h were stimulated with IL-1β for the indicated times. Representative images of the effect of SR9009 on the phosphorylation of p38, JNK, ERK, p65, IKKα/β, and IκBα (left). Right panel, densitometric analysis of a representative immunoblot from three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 versus cells stimulated with only IL-1β. c Effect of SR9009 on the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. Representative fluorescence micrographs of the effect of SR9009 on IL-1β-induced translocation of p65 (green) from three independent experiments (original magnification 10×, scale bar = 200 μm). d Binding of NF-κB to DNA as determined by EMSA. RA FLSs were pretreated with vehicle or 10 μM SR9009 for 24 h and stimulated with 10 ng/mL IL-1β or vehicle. ns, no significance.