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. 2020 Feb 18;10:2836. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-59626-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Procedure for Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of peach. (a) Seeds were sterilized and soaked in sterilize distill water overnight, and then germinated in MS medium. (b) Hypocotyl and leaf explants were cut into 10-mm segments and then immersed in the suspension of A. rhizogenes strain MSU440 containing DsRED1 as selectable marker, whereas, shoot explants were infected by immersing cut site in the A. rhizogenes suspension. (c) Co-cultural of infected plants and agrobacteria for 3 days on MS medium with acetosyringone under darkness. (d) Transfer the co-cultural explants into a new MS medium containing 400 mg/L cephalosporin, and then validate the transgenic hairy roots by screening red fluorescent signal of DsRED1. (e) Transgenic hairy roots from hypocotyl and leaf explants were used to induce non-chimeric callus. (f) Composite plants with transgenic hair roots were transferred to plot after 2-week hardening.