Fig. 1. Intermittent fasting alleviated insulin resistance and cognitive impairment in db/db mice.

a Timeline depicting the diet of IF or ad libitum in each group; b bodyweight (n = 10 mice per group); c energy intake; d food intake; e insulin-tolerance test; f fasting glucose; g fasting insulin level (n = 7 mice per group); h HOMA-IR (n = 7 mice per group). The animals’ cognitive functions were assessed by the Morris water-maze test as described in “Methods” (n = 10 mice per group); i escape latency (s), and j the time spent in the target quadrant (s) during the probe trial were recorded. Data presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, compared with db/m group, ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01 compared with the db/db group. Significant differences between mean values were determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. See also Supplementary Fig. 1. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.