Measure	Unit	Definition		Source	Range (min–max)	Mean	SD	Reference
Topography
Elevation	m a.s.l.		Mean value derived from 1 m digital terrain model	LGL (2005)	443–1334	822	±182
Slope	Degree		Mean value derived from 1 m digital terrain model	LGL (2005)	1–34	15	±9
Aspect	Degree		Mean value derived from 1 m digital terrain model	LGL (2005)	3–360	172	±109
TRI (Terrain ruggedness index)	m		Mean value of the mean difference between a central pixel and its surrounding cells derived (moving window) from 40 cm GSD DSM (Ground Sampling Digital Surface Model) generated from 20 cm aerial images using SfM (Structure from Motion)	ConFoBi data	0.25–0.97	0.56	±0.16	Wilson, O'Connell, Brown, Guinan, and Grehan (2007)
Vegetation
No of trees	N		Inventory of all trees inside 1 ha plot with DBH >7 cm	ConFoBi data	98–1212	425	±205
Tree species	Species		Inventory of all trees inside 1 ha plot with DBH >7 cm	ConFoBi data
DBH	mm		Inventory of all trees inside 1 ha plot with DBH >7 cm	ConFoBi data	70–1268	271.0	±166.0
Basal area living trees	m2		Inventory of all trees inside 1 ha plot with DBH >7 cm	ConFoBi data	9.4–73.1	34.1	±9.9
Tree height	m		Mean value derived from subtraction of digital terrain (DTM) model from calibrated surface heights from UAV‐SfM (Unmanned aerial vehicle‐Structure from Motion) flights	DTM: LGL 2005; UAV: ConFoBi data	8.6–40.6	24.1	±5.9	Frey et al. (2018)
Standing deadwood	N		Calculated from plot inventory	ConFoBi data	0–394	33.4	±53.6
Basal area standing deadwood	m2		Mean value derived from plot inventory (BA = 0.00007854 × DBH2)	ConFoBi data	0–51.2	2.2	±5
Standing dead‐wood volume	m3		Calculated from plot inventory (V = Basal area × height × 0.5 (form factor))	ConFoBi data	0–2163	140	±282
Lying dead‐wood volume	m3		Calculated from described V transect (V = (k/L)∑d 2; k = constant = 1.234 (see Van Wagner, 1982), L = length of transect, d = DBH)	ConFoBi data	2.7–282.9	43.6	±43.7	Van Wagner (1982), Kahl and Bauhus (2014)
NDVI			Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; mean value derived from Sentinel 2 data	ESA (2018)	0.61–0.82	0.72	±0.036	Rouse, Haas, Schell, and Deering (1973)
Landscape
Heterogeneity as proportion of stands	%	Derived from stand based local forest inventory of Baden‐Württemberg		FoGIS10/InFoGIS (MLR) (2018)	0.001–100	54.0	±39.5
Distance from plot center to nearest forest edge	m	Value derived from OpenStreetmap‐Data		OpenStreetMap Contributors (2016)	44–1503	256	±213
Area of surrounding forest	km2	Total size of the forest patch which contains the plot		OpenStreetMap Contributors (2016)	0.14–333.62	96.64	±112.97
Forest connectivity	%	Percentage of forest cover in the 25 km2 surrounding the plot center		ConFoBi data	3.0–92.2	59.9	±19.7
Edge density (10 ha surrounding plot center)	m/ha	Sum of lengths (m) of all edge segments involving forests per 1‐ha plot; mean value derived from landuse map (Landsat TM5; yrs 2009, 2010)		LUBW (2010)	121–350	226	±61	McGarigal (2015)
Euclidean nearest neighbor distance (20 ha), CV	m	Coefficient of variation of the distance (m) to the nearest neighboring patch of forest, based on shortest edge‐to‐edge distance; derived from landuse map (Landsat TM5; yrs 2009, 2010)		LUBW (2010)	0–42.5	9.8	±8.7	McGarigal (2015)
Euclidean nearest neighbor distance (20 ha), mean	m	Area‐weighted mean distance (m) to the nearest neighboring patch of forest, based on shortest edge‐to‐edge distance; derived from landuse map (Landsat TM5; yrs 2009, 2010)		LUBW (2010)	0–66.5	12.7	±12.0	McGarigal (2015)
Euclidean nearest neighbor distance (50 ha), mean	m	Area‐weighted mean distance (m) to the nearest neighboring patch of forest, based on shortest edge‐to‐edge distance; derived from landuse map (Landsat TM5; yrs 2009, 2010)		LUBW (2010)	1.56–152.6	70.7	35.5	McGarigal (2015)
Euclidean nearest neighbor distance (50 ha), CV	m	Coefficient of variation derived from landuse map (Landsat TM5; yrs 2009, 2010)		LUBW (2010)	0–51	9.4	±8.8	McGarigal (2015)
Aggregation index (50 ha)	%	Mean number of like adjacencies involving forest divided by the maximum possible number of like adjacencies involving forest; multiplied by 100. From landuse map (Landsat TM5; yrs 2009, 2010)		LUBW (2010)	64.8–99.5	83.1	±7.4	McGarigal (2015)
Contiguity index (50 ha)		The sum of the cells divided by the total number of pixels in the patch minus 1, divided by the sum of the template values minus 1. Area‐weighted mean derived from Landsat TM5 (yrs 2009, 2010)		LUBW (2010)	0.00167–0.02156	0.00875	±0.00459	McGarigal (2015)
Landscape shape index (50 ha)		0.25 the sum of entire landscape boundary and edge segments (m) within landscape boundary involving forest, divided by square root of total landscape area (m2). Mean derived from Landsat TM5 (yrs 2009, 2010)		LUBW (2010)	1.08–5.25	3.19	±0.91	McGarigal (2015)
Perimeter‐area ratio distribution (50 ha)	m/m2	A simple measure of shape complexity. Area‐weighted mean derived from Landsat TM5 (yrs 2009, 2010)		LUBW (2010)	1.6–27.8	11.1	±5.7	McGarigal (2015)
Percentage of like adjacencies (50 ha)	%	Percentage of cell adjacencies involving forest that are like adjacencies. Mean derived from Landsat TM5; yrs 2009, 2010		LUBW (2010)	58.7–95.0	76.6	±7.9	McGarigal (2015)
Contiguity index (100 ha)		The sum of the cells divided by the total number of pixels in the patch minus 1, divided by the sum of the template values minus 1. Area‐weighted mean derived from Landsat TM5 (yrs 2009, 2010)		LUBW (2010)	0.0007–0.0149	0.0057	±0.0032	McGarigal (2015)
Core area (100 ha)	m2	Area (m2) within the patch that is further than the specified depth‐of‐edge distance from the patch perimeter. Area‐weighted mean derived from landuse map (Landsat TM5; yrs 2009, 2010)		LUBW (2010)	0.06–5.11	1.44	±0.99	McGarigal (2015)
Splitting index (100 ha)		Total area (m2) squared divided by the sum of patch area (m2) squared, summed across all patches of forest. Mean derived from Landsat TM5; yrs 2009, 2010		LUBW (2010)	0.007–1.35	0.23	±0.25	McGarigal (2015)