FIG 5.

Effects of ATR and CHK1 inhibitors on CCC DNA formation during HBV infection in PHHs. The PHHs were infected with HBV and treated with the indicated inhibitors at the same time. The inhibitors used included the ATM/ATR dual inhibitors CGK733 and Torin2, the ATR inhibitor AZD6738, and the CHK1 inhibitor CHIR-124 at the indicated concentrations. HBV PF DNA was extracted from the cells 3 days after infection. qPCR was used to quantify the CCC DNA using CCC DNA specific primers or total HBV PF DNA using the total DNA primers. The data are expressed as CCC DNA levels normalized to total PF DNA, with the normalized CCC DNA level from the mock-treated cells set to 1.0. *, P ≤ 0.05; **, P ≤ 0.01.