Table 1.
Characteristics of the study participants (n = 2,098).
| Men (n = 1077) | Women (n = 1021) | P-value* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survey year, n (%) | ||||
| 2014 | 268 (24.9) | 251 (24.6) | 0.79 | |
| 2015 | 261 (24.2) | 258 (25.3) | ||
| 2016 | 293 (27.2) | 260 (25.5) | ||
| 2017 | 255 (23.7) | 252 (24.7) | ||
| Survey area, n (%) | ||||
| A | 327 (30.4) | 320 (31.3) | 0.22 | |
| B | 116 (10.8) | 77 (7.5) | ||
| C | 126 (11.7) | 117 (11.5) | ||
| D | 156 (14.5) | 149 (14.6) | ||
| E | 166 (15.4) | 181 (17.7) | ||
| F | 115 (10.7) | 115 (11.3) | ||
| G | 71 (6.6) | 62 (6.1) | ||
| Number of household smokers in childhood, n (%) | ||||
| ≥ 3 | 65 (6.0) | 61 (6.0) | 0.17 | |
| 2 | 165 (15.3) | 194 (19.0) | ||
| 1 | 472 (43.8) | 426 (41.7) | ||
| 0 | 375 (34.8) | 340 (33.3) | ||
| Current smoking, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 190 (17.6) | 39 (3.8) | < 0.001 | |
| No | 887 (82.4) | 982 (96.2) | ||
| Educational attainment, years, n (%) | ||||
| > 12 | 770 (71.5) | 761 (74.5) | 0.12 | |
| ≤ 12 | 307 (28.5) | 260 (25.5) | ||
* Chi-squared test.
Note: Study conducted 2014–2017 among young adults (19–20 years) in Hidaka District, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan.