Table 3.
Association of household smoking status in childhood with current smoking status and educational attainment, stratified by gender.
| Current smoker |
P-value* | Educational attainment, years |
P-value* | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | ≤12 | >12 | |||||
| Men (n = 1077) | (n = 190) | (n = 887) | (n = 307) | (n = 770) | ||||
| Number of household smokers, n (%) | ||||||||
| ≥ 3 (n = 65) | 29 (44.6) | 36 (55.4) | < 0.001 | 38 (58.5) | 27 (41.5) | < 0.001 | ||
| 2 (n = 165) | 48 (29.1) | 117 (70.9) | 68 (41.2) | 97 (58.8) | ||||
| 1 (n = 472) | 73 (15.5) | 399 (84.5) | 123 (26.1) | 349 (73.9) | ||||
| 0 (n = 375) | 40 (10.7) | 335 (89.3) | 78 (20.8) | 297 (79.2) | ||||
| Women (n = 1021) | (n = 39) | (n = 982) | (n = 260) | (n = 761) | ||||
| Number of household smokers, n (%) | ||||||||
| ≥3 (n = 61) | 6 (14.8) | 55 (90.2) | < 0.001 | 25 (41.0) | 36 (59.0) | < 0.001 | ||
| 2 (n = 194) | 13 (6.7) | 181 (93.3) | 68 (35.1) | 126 (64.9) | ||||
| 1 (n = 426) | 19 (4.5) | 407 (95.5) | 116 (27.2) | 310 (72.8) | ||||
| 0 (n = 340) | 1 (0.3) | 339 (99.7) | 51 (15.0) | 289 (85.0) | ||||
*Chi-squared test.
Note: Study conducted 2014–2017 among young adults (19–20 years) in Hidaka District, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan.