TABLE 1.

Drug resistance profile and insert sequencing results of ampicillin-resistant recombinant clones

Recombinant clone	Resistant phenotype	Insert length (bp)	Predicted species	Putative relevant gene for ARa	Predicted mechanism	Other relevant ORFs for AR
RC1	Aminoglycosides, β-lactams	18,836	S. thermophilus			N-Acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase, ligase, RNA methyltransferase
RC2	Aminoglycosides, β-lactams	18,467	S. thermophilus			N-Acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase, ligase, serine acetyltransferase
RC3	Fluoroquinolones, β-lactams	24,142	L. lactis	arnA	Bifunctional polymyxin resistance	Formyltransferase, Tn916, stress response regulator gls24
RC4	β-Lactams	30,119	S. thermophilus	poxtA, msrC, tetA, tetB	Ribosomal protection and efflux pumps	d-Alanine poly(phosphoribitol) ligase subunit 2, RNA methyltransferase
RC5	β-Lactams	40,868	S. thermophilus	vanRM, evgA, vgaA	Antibiotic target alteration, efflux pumps, ribosomal protection	Peptidase SppA
RC6	β-Lactams	36,330	S. thermophilus	mel, carA, pbp2X	Ribosomal protection, PBPb mutations	Phospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptidase transferase, RNA methyltransferase, N-acetyltransferase YvbK
RC7	Tetracyclines, β-lactams	22,341	S. thermophilus
RC8	β-Lactams	29,850	S. thermophilus, L. lactis	tetO, goIS, sdiA, tetA	Ribosomal protection and efflux pumps	LiaS/LiaR, ligase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
RC9	β-Lactams	31,279	S. thermophilus	tsnR, vanYB	Antibiotic target alteration	N-Acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase, exo-glucosaminidase LytG, ligase, RNA methyltransferase
RC10	β-Lactams	24,406	S. thermophilus	vanXYC, tsnR	Antibiotic target alteration	D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase, exo-glucosaminidase LytG, ligase, RNA methyltransferase, serine acetyltransferase
RC11	β-Lactams	35,242	No assignation
RC12	β-Lactams	43,395	S. thermophilus	bcrA, vgaALC, vanTC, vanUG	Antibiotic target alteration, efflux pumps, ribosomal protection	Racemase, ligase, phosphoserine phosphatase, 23S RNA methyltransferase
RC13	β-Lactams	21,146	E. coli			Cysteine peptidase, peptidase SppA

^aAR, antibiotic resistance.

^bPBP, penicillin-binding protein.