Table 2.
Relationship between serum or imaging markers and pleural invasion.
| Markers | Pleural invasion | Nonpleural invasion | OR (95% CI) | p value | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | PPV (%) | NPV (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SCC value (ng/ml, mean ± SD) | 1.65 ± 3.52 | 0.93 ± 0.88 | — | 0.05$ | — | — | — | — |
| SCC abnormal | 5 (38) | 7 (101) | 1.90 (0.57, 6.35) | 0.30# | 11.63 | 93.52 | 41.67 | 72.66 |
| NSE value (ng/ml, mean ± SD) | 16.8 ± 14.8 | 14.3 ± 3.4 | — | 0.11$ | — | — | — | — |
| NSE abnormal | 19 (24) | 34 (74) | 1.72 (0.83, 3.56) | 0.14# | 44.19 | 68.52 | 35.85 | 75.51 |
| CEA value (ng/ml, mean ± SD) | 35.0 ± 62.8 | 7.35 ± 15.10 | — | <0.01 $ | — | — | — | — |
| CEA abnormal | 32 (11) | 27 (81) | 8.73 (3.88, 19.65) | <0.01 # | 74.42 | 75.00 | 54.24 | 88.04 |
| CYFRA21-1 value (ng/ml, mean ± SD) | 5.34 ± 7.55 | 2.87 ± 1.87 | — | <0.01 $ | — | — | — | — |
| CYFRA21-1 abnormal | 22 (21) | 25 (83) | 3.53 (1.56, 7.98) | <0.01 # | 51.16 | 76.85 | 46.81 | 79.81 |
| Right mid lobe | 9 (34) | 7 (101) | 3.82 (1.32, 11.04) | 0.01 # | 20.93 | 93.52 | 56.25 | 74.81 |
| Max diameter (mm, mean ± SD) | 34.7 ± 19.9 | 24.8 ± 12.3 | — | <0.01 $ | — | — | — | — |
| Max diameter∗ | 27 (16) | 47 (61) | 2.19 (1.06, 4.53) | 0.03 # | 62.79 | 56.48 | 36.49 | 79.22 |
| Pleural fluid | 19 (24) | 3 (105) | 27.71 (7.58, 101.25) | <0.01 # | 55.81 | 2.78 | 18.60 | 13.64 |
| Pleural sign | 33 (10) | 62 (46) | 2.45 (1.10, 5.47) | 0.03 # | 76.74 | 42.59 | 34.74 | 82.14 |
| PET predicted | 5 (38) | 1 (107) | 14.08 (1.59, 124.39) | 0.02 # | 11.63 | 99.07 | 83.33 | 73.79 |
| Total | 43 | 108 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Integer numbers in brackets represent cases with normal value. SCC: squamous cell carcinoma antigen; NSE: neuron-specific enolase; CEA: carcinoembryonic antigen; CYFRA21-1: cytokeratin 19 fragment; OR: odds ratio; PPV: positive predictive value; NPV: negative predictive value. $t-test. #χ2 test or Fisher's exact test. ∗Max diameter at 23.5 mm cutoff for positivity.