Table 2.
Risk factors for involuntary care
| Number of studies (k) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | Heterogeneity (I2) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | |||
| Male vs female | 53 | 1·23 (1·14–1·32) | 94·22% |
| Diagnosis | |||
| Psychosis | 37 | 2·18 (1·95–2·44) | 94·78% |
| Bipolar disorder | 14 | 1·48 (1·24–1·76) | 61·24% |
| Depression | 10 | 0·22 (0·15–0·33) | 85·87% |
| Mood disorder | 20 | 0·59 (0·50–0·69) | 95·73% |
| Anxiety | 11 | 0·80 (0·68–0·95) | 76·22% |
| Personality disorder | 26 | 0·78 (0·65–0·93) | 92·66% |
| Anorexia | 2 | 1·19 (0·21–6·72) | 95·99% |
| Substance misuse | 23 | 0·81 (0·66–1·00) | 95·19% |
| Organic disorder | 14 | 1·57 (1·08–2·27) | 97·82% |
| Neurosis | 8 | 0·37 (0·19–0·73) | 98·11% |
| Employment | |||
| Unemployed | 20 | 1·43 (1·07–1·90) | 91·28% |
| Student | 3 | 0·88 (0·28–2·79) | 74·61% |
| Homeworker | 2 | 1·36 (0·27–6·83) | 75·83% |
| Welfare benefits | 8 | 1·71 (1·28–2·27) | 71·73% |
| Retired | 7 | 1·41 (0·92–2·17) | 76·62% |
| Dependent | 2 | 1·08 (0·67–1·74) | 93·44% |
| Housing | |||
| Homeless | 7 | 1·22 (0·88–1·69) | 91·27% |
| Living alone | 13 | 1·24 (0·94–1·65) | 75·37% |
| Friend or relative | 6 | 1·14 (0·73–1·78) | 69·00% |
| Living in an institution | 5 | 0·88 (0·47–1·63) | 71·41% |
| Non-owner vs owner | 3 | 1·49 (1·04–2·15) | 87·02% |
| Relationship | |||
| Single | 28 | 1·47 (1·18–1·83) | 97·22% |
| Separated or divorced | 11 | 0·96 (0·67–1·39) | 75·46% |
| Widowed | 7 | 0·81 (0·32–2·05) | 89·36% |
| Previously married | 6 | 1·26 (1·12–1·42) | 59·21% |
| Previous involuntary hospitalisation | |||
| Yes vs no | 6 | 2·17 (1·62–2·91) | 84·23% |
| Previous admission | |||
| Yes vs no | 12 | 0·86 (0·58–1·28) | 94·22% |