Table 1.
Demographic data and examination outcomes of patients.
| Variables | Down syndrome | Control | Total | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number (subjects) | 44 (47.3%) | 49 (52.7%) | 93 (100%) | — |
| Age (years) | 13.10 ± 3.20 | 12.18 ± 3.32 | 12.53 ± 3.29 | 0.090 |
| Gender (men/women) | 21 (47.7%)/23 (52.3%) | 24 (49%)/25 (51%) | 45 (48.4%)/48 (51.6%) | 0.798 |
| IOP | 13.4 ± 1.9 | 12.5 ± 3.1 | 13.3 ± 1.7 | 0.124 |
| BCVA | 0.19 ± 0.03 | 0.005 ± 0.004 | 0.07 ± 0.03 | <0.001 |
| Hyperopia | 31/44 (70.5%) | 34/49 (69.4%) | 65/93 (69.9%) | 0.891 |
| Myopia | 13/44 (29.5%) | 15/49 (30.6%) | 28/93 (30.1%) | 0.934 |
| Astigmatism | 31/44 (70.5%) | 12/49 (24.5%) | 43/93 (46.2%) | <0.001 |
| Blepharitis | 12/44 (27.3%) | 4/49 (8.2%) | 16/93 (17.2%) | <0.001 |
| Lens opacity | 14/44 (31.8%) | 0/49 (0%) | 14/93 (15.1%) | <0.001 |
| Strabismus | 10/44 (22.7%) 8 esotropia 2 exotropia | 4/49 (8.2%) 2 esotropia 2 exotropia | 14/93 (15.1%) 10 esotropia 4 exotropia | <0.001 |
| Nystagmus | 1/44 (2.3%) | 0/49 (0%) | 1/93 (1.1%) | 0.343 |
| Brushfield spot | 12/44 (27.3%) | 0/49 (0%) | 12/93 (12.9%) | <0.001 |
| Ambliyopia | 16/44 (36.4%) | 0/49 (0%) | 16/93 (17.2%) | <0.001 |
| ONHD | 3/44 (6, 8%) | 0/49 (0%) | 3/93 (3.2%) | <0.001 |
IOP: intraocular pressure. BCVA: best corrected visual acuity. ONHD: optic nerve head drusen.