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. 2019 Dec 6;21:73–80. doi: 10.1016/j.jot.2019.10.012

Figure 4.

Figure 4

FLS-derived exosomes induce the gene expression patterns related to OA. Exosomes secreted by IL-1β-stimulated FLS promote MMP-13 and TNF-α expression while inhibiting ACAN and COL2A1 expression. MMP-13 is the most important collagenase that causes type Ⅱ collagen degradation. The upregulation or aberrant activation of MMP-13 contributes to the progression of different stages of OA. TNF-α is also involved in the cartilage degradation process. Simultaneously, the expression of anabolic genes (ACAN and COL2A1) is decreased.