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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Feb 19.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Med Genet A. 2019 Jan 31;179(4):561–569. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61055

TABLE 2.

Outcome measures in pediatric and adolescent hEDS/HSD population

Primary outcome variables
Mean SD Healthya
Mean
Healthy
SD
FDI 19.1 13.2 1.7 3.2
PedsQL multidimensional fatigue total score 48.5 25.8 85.0 12.6
 General fatigue 45.0 30.0 89.2 11.9
 Sleep/rest fatigue 47.4 26.4 78.3 15.7
 Cognitive fatigue 52.9 29.2 89.4 13.6
PedsQL 4.0 generic core total score 56.7 21.4 90.2 10.1
 Physical functioning 49.5 23.5 91.9 9.4
 Emotional functioning 54.7 25.1 84.8 17.4
 Social functioning 70.2 21.2 95.2 8.9
 School functioning 56.5 26.1 87.4 12.5
 Psychosocial functioning 60.5 21.9 88.5 11.9
Pain (PFSD) 53.7 41.3 b
Herth Hope Index total 37.6  6.87 b
BPQI 45.8 11.8 b

Note. BIPQ, Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire; FDI, Functional Disability Inventory; hEDS, hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome; HRQOL, health-related quality of life; HSD, hypermobility spectrum disorder; PedsQL: Pediatric Quality of Life; PFSD, Pain-Frequency- Severity-Duration.

Pediatric and adolescent participants with hEDS/HSD (n = 47) completed scales measuring functional impairment, psychosocial factors and quality of life.

a

Data for the healthy controls on the FDI, PedsQL, and the Peds QL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale represent responses from 48 healthy individuals age 10–20 years from the study by Rowe et al. (2014).

b

There are few studies on healthy control values for these measures.