Table 3.
Mean hemoglobin concentration and anemia prevalence among children aged 6–35 months with various parental migration statuses
| Outcomes [mean (SD)/ n/N (%)] a | Adjusted differences [aMD (95%CI) / aOR (95%CI)] b | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NLBC | FLBC | PLBC | Total | FLBC vs. NLBC | PLBC vs. NLBC | PLBC vs. FLBC | |
| 2013 | |||||||
| Hemoglobin concentration (g/dL) | |||||||
| 6–17 months | 10.43 (1.52) | 10.38 (1.54) | 10.99 (1.38) ‡§ | 10.44 (1.53) | −0.08 (− 0.29, 0.14) | 0.53 (0.10, 0.96) | 0.60 (0.15, 1.04) |
| 18–35 months | 11.30 (1.18) | 11.23 (1.43) | 11.38 (1.48) | 11.29 (1.30) | −0.07 (− 0.22, 0.09) | 0.05 (− 0.18, 0.29) | 0.10 (− 0.15, 0.35) |
| Total | 10.95 (1.39) | 10.85 (1.54) | 11.29 (1.46) ‡§ | 10.95 (1.46) | −0.08 (− 0.20, 0.05) | 0.18 (− 0.03, 0.39) | 0.24 (0.02, 0.46) |
| Anemia | |||||||
| 6–17 months | 311/506 (61.5%) | 229/360 (63.6%) | 25/58 (43.1%) ‡§ | 565/924 (61.1%) | 0.06 (−0.18, 0.30) | 0.75 (0.35, 1.15) | 0.71 (0.29, 1.12) |
| 18–35 months | 245/749 (32.7%) | 160/445 (36.0%) | 55/171 (32.2%) | 460/1365 (33.7%) | −0.07 (− 0.27, 0.13) | −0.12 (− 0.36, 0.11) | −0.10 (− 0.35, 0.15) |
| Total | 556/1255 (44.3%) | 389/805 (48.3%) | 80/229 (34.9%) ठ| 1025/2289 (44.8%) | 1.17 (0.96, 1.41) | 0.78 (0.56, 1.08) | 0.67 (0.47, 0.94) |
| 2016 | |||||||
| Hemoglobin concentration (g/dL) | |||||||
| 6–17 months | 10.27 (1.59) | 10.32 (1.88) | 11.10 (1.04) ‡§ | 10.36 (1.68) | 1.13 (0.84, 1.52) | 0.47 (0.27, 0.85) | 0.42 (0.23, 0.76) |
| 18–35 months | 11.31 (1.43) | 11.14 (1.77) | 11.17 (1.93) | 11.23 (1.65) | 1.17 (0.91, 1.52) | 1.00 (0.67, 1.50) | 0.85 (0.56, 1.31) |
| Total | 10.87 (1.59) | 10.80 (1.86) | 11.15 (1.75) ‡§ | 10.89 (1.72) | −0.01 (−0.16, 0.14) | 0.14 (−0.06, 0.34) | 0.12 (−0.09, 0.33) |
| Anemia | |||||||
| 6–17 months | 299/452 (66.2%) | 193/321 (60.1%) | 34/80 (42.5%) ‡§ | 526/853 (61.7%) | 0.80 (0.58, 1.09) | 0.39 (0.23, 0.65) | 0.49 (0.29, 0.82) |
| 18–35 months | 187/628 (29.8%) | 161/450 (35.8%) † | 83/252 (32.9%) | 431/1330 (32.4%) | 1.17 (0.89, 1.53) | 1.00 (0.72, 1.39) | 0.86 (0.61, 1.21) |
| Total | 486/1080 (45.0%) | 354/771 (45.9%) | 117/332 (35.2%) ठ| 957/2183 (43.8%) | 0.99 (0.80, 1.21) | 0.74 (0.56, 0.97) | 0.75 (0.56, 1.00) |
NLBC non-left-behind children, FLBC left-behind children with migrant fathers, PLBC left-behind children with both migrant parents, aMD adjusted mean difference, aOR adjusted odds ratio
aThe number of children with available outcomes was indicated with N after slash
baMDs and aORs were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics of children (resident county, child gender, age, preterm and ethnicity) in 2013, and additional two intervention variables (the frequency of consumption of Yingyangbao supplements and the frequency of received nutritional consultations) in 2016
†FLBC vs. NLBC p < 0.05; ‡ PLBC vs. NLBC p < 0.05; § PLBC vs. FLBC p < 0.05